Bi Lecture 8 Genetic Pathways and Genetic Screens
|
|
|
- Clarence Donald Banks
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Bi Lecture 8 Genetic Pathways and Genetic Screens
2 WT A 2X:2A her-1 tra-1 1X:2A her-1 tra-1 Female body Male body Female body Male body her-1(lf) B 2X:2A her-1(lf) tra-1 1X:2A her-1(lf) tra-1 Female body Male body Female body Male body tra-1(lf) C 2X:2A her-1 tra-1(lf) 1X:2A her-1 tra-1(lf) Female body Male body Female body Male body tra-1(lf; her-1(lf) D 2X:2A her-1(lf) tra-1(lf) 1X:2A her-1(lf) tra-1(lf) Female body Male body Female body Male body
3 confused epistasis with non-null alleles AR cell c + AR cell survives d + neuroar forms e + neuroar makes E and is functional 100% Functional neuroar AR cell c 2 AR cell survives d + neuroar forms Functional 80% neuroar e + neuroar makes E and is functional 20% no AR 50% Functional neuroar AR cell c + AR cell survives d 2 neuroar forms e + neuroar makes E and is functional 50% no neuroar AR cell c 2 AR cell survives d 2 neuroar forms e + neuroar makes E and is functional 40% Functional neuroar 20% no AR 40% no neuroar
4 confused epistasis with non-null alleles h + OM cell h 1 OM cell j 3 OM cell h 1 j 3 OM cell gene H gene J black pigment black h + OM cell h 1 OM cell j 3 OM cell h 1 j 3 OM cell gene J gene H black pigment
5 If a hypomorph is epistatic to a null, an inference can be made genotype f + g + phenotype white pigment f null g + black pigment f + f null g hypo g hypo white pigment white pigment gene F gene G black pigment white pigment
6
7 combining epistasis with site of action
8 Additivity and less than additivity with incompletely penetrant loss-of-function alleles. A. The r1 and s1 alleles display additive phenotypes. B. T he t1 and u1 alleles display less than additive phenotype. A r + s + r 1 s + r + s 1 r 1 s 1 All alive 30% alive 30% alive 10% alive B t + u + t 1 u + t + u 1 t 1 u 1 All alive 30% alive 30% alive 30% alive
9 2 vulval lineage polarity wild-type phenotype Reversed phenotype wild-type wild-type polarity Reversed Polarity cdh-3::cfp; ceh-2::yfp Takao Inoue et al (Cell 2004)
10 A ligand-1 receptor-1 100% viable penetrance 0% ligand-1 receptor-1 30% viable 70% ligand-1 receptor-1 30% viable 70% ligand-1 receptor-1 30% viable 70% B ligand-2 receptor-2 100% viable 0% ligand-2 receptor-2 70% viable 30% ligand-2 receptor-2 70% viable 30% ligand-2 receptor-2 70% viable 30% C
11 A ligand-1 receptor-1 100% viable penetrance 0% ligand-1 receptor-1 30% viable 70% ligand-1 receptor-1 30% viable 70% ligand-1 receptor-1 30% viable 70% B ligand-2 ligand-2 ligand-2 receptor-2 receptor-2 receptor-2 100% viable 70% viable 70% viable 0% 30% 30% ligand-2 receptor-2 70% viable 30% C ligand-1 ligand-2 receptor-1 receptor-2 0% viable 100% ligand-1 ligand-2 receptor-1 receptor-2 0% viable 100% ligand-1 ligand-2 receptor-1 receptor-2 0% viable 100% ligand-1 ligand-2 receptor-1 receptor-2 0% viable 100% D ligand-1 ligand-2 receptor-1 receptor-2 100% viable 0%
12 C. elegans programmed cell death A wild type B photo of dying cell(s) C no cell death D all cell death
13 ced-3(lf) NO cell death ced-4(lf) NO cell death ced-1(lf), 2, etc No engulfment ced-9(gf) NO cell death ced-9(gf+lf) EXTRA cell death nuc-1 No DNA degradation ced-3(lf) ced-9(lf) NO cell death ced-3 (lf) nuc-1(lf) NO cell death
14 A ced-4(gf) or ced-3(gf) B ced-3(gf); ced-4(lf) C ced-3(lf); ced-4(gf) D pathway ced-9 ced-4 ced-3 cell death
15
16
17 Genetic Screens
18 Positive Modulation E A B C
19 Negative Modulation D A B C
20 A B gf C D Extra Product E A B gf C D Extra Product E A B gf C D lf Less Product E A B gf C D Product E lf
21
22 C. elegans EGF-receptor signaling: a branched signaling pathway
23 C. elegans Vulval Development Screen viable lethal/ste unknown dominant lin-1 16 lin-3 2 lin-25 2 lin-12 7 lin-2 13 lin-8 1 n300 1 lin-24 2 lin-7 13 lin-9 1 lin-33 2 lin-10 3 lin-13 2 let-60(gf) 1 lin-18 2 lin-26 1 lin-14 2 lin let-23 1 unc unc let-60 0 lin-15 5 lin-45 0 lin-4 1 sem-5 0 lin-11 4 mpk-1 0 lin-17 5 lin-44 0
24 m=0.1 m=0.3 m=1 m=3
25 Empirical Saturation
26 Why no mutations? 1. Redundancy Do an enhancer screen to see if you can bias the threshhold. 2. Pleiotropy Use tissue specific promoters or mosaic screens 3. maternal rescue of phenotype/epigenetics go the extra generation 4. bad target (size, place in chromosome, refractory to mutagen, missing from collection) molecular biology
27 LET-23 EGF-R [IP2] PLCγ [IP3] [PIP2] ITR-1 IP3 Receptor SEM-5 Grb2 LET-341 SOS LET-60 RAS Ovulation Vulval development
28 Extragenic suppressors of partially defective LET-23 activated: LET-60 Ras loss of: UNC-101 = clathrin adaptor medium chain SLI-1 = cbl proto-oncogene homolog GAP-1 = GAP homolog Gregg Jongeward, Junho Lee & Charles Yoon
29 Enhancers of sli-1 mutations loss of: UNC-101 = clathrin adaptor medium chain ARK-1 = Ack-related Kinase GAP-1 = GAP homolog Junho Lee, Chris Lacenere & Neil Hopper
30
31 LET-23 EGF-R [IP2] PLCγ [IP3] [PIP2] ITR-1 IP3 Receptor SEM-5 Grb2 LET-341 SOS LET-60 RAS Ovulation Vulval development
32 let-23(lf) LET-23 EGF-R [IP2] PLCγ [IP3] [PIP2] SEM-5 Grb2 LET-341 SOS ITR-1 IP3 Receptor LET-60 RAS Ovulation Vulval development
33 let-23(lf) let-60(gf) LET-23 EGF-R [IP2] PLCγ [IP3] [PIP2] SEM-5 Grb2 LET-341 SOS ITR-1 IP3 Receptor LET-60 RAS** Ovulation Vulval development
34 let-23(lf) itr-1(gf) LET-23 EGF-R [IP2] PLCγ [IP3] [PIP2] SEM-5 Grb2 LET-341 SOS ITR-1 IP3 Receptor** LET-60 RAS Ovulation Vulval development
35 let-23(lf) let-60(gf) itr-1(gf) [IP2] LET-23 EGF-R PLCγ [IP3] [PIP2] SEM-5 Grb2 LET-341 SOS ITR-1 IP3 Receptor** LET-60 RAS** Ovulation Vulval development
36 mutagenize! +! Balancer A! X! Balancer A! Balancer B! m! Balancer B! X! Balancer A! Balancer B! F1! B non-a! m! F2! Balancer B! X! Non-B non-a! m! F3! m! m! Balancer B! m/bal! X!!
Bi Lecture 9 Genetic Screens (cont.) Chromosomes
Bi190-2013 Lecture 9 Genetic Screens (cont.) Chromosomes C. elegans EGF-receptor signaling: a branched signaling pathway LET-23 EGF-R [IP2] PLCγ [IP3] [PIP2] ITR-1 IP3 Receptor SEM-5 Grb2 LET-341 SOS LET-60
A complementation test would be done by crossing the haploid strains and scoring the phenotype in the diploids.
Problem set H answers 1. To study DNA repair mechanisms, geneticists isolated yeast mutants that were sensitive to various types of radiation; for example, mutants that were more sensitive to UV light.
Bypass and interaction suppressors; pathway analysis
Bypass and interaction suppressors; pathway analysis The isolation of extragenic suppressors is a powerful tool for identifying genes that encode proteins that function in the same process as a gene of
lecture 10. Genetic Interactions synthetic lethality high copy suppression suppression and enhancement mechanisms of suppression
lecture 10. Genetic Interactions synthetic lethality high copy suppression suppression and enhancement mechanisms of suppression actin act1-1 act1-4 actin non- complementer anc4 anc1 anc3 anc2 actin-binding
Caenorhabditis elegans Development
MOLECULAR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT 42523528 (1995) LET-23-Mediated Signal Transduction During Caenorhabditis elegans Development PAUL W. STERNBERG, GIOVANNI LESA, JUNHO LEE, WENDY S. KATZ, CHARLES
The phenotype of this worm is wild type. When both genes are mutant: The phenotype of this worm is double mutant Dpy and Unc phenotype.
Series 2: Cross Diagrams - Complementation There are two alleles for each trait in a diploid organism In C. elegans gene symbols are ALWAYS italicized. To represent two different genes on the same chromosome:
Reading: Chapter 5, pp ; Reference chapter D, pp Problem set F
Mosaic Analysis Reading: Chapter 5, pp140-141; Reference chapter D, pp820-823 Problem set F Twin spots in Drosophila Although segregation and recombination in mitosis do not occur at the same frequency
- interactions between alleles. - multiple phenotypic effects of one gene. - phenotypic variability in single genes. - interactions between genes
Genotype Phenotype - interactions between alleles - dominance - multiple phenotypic effects of one gene - phenotypic variability in single genes - interactions between genes amount of product threshold
Chromosome Chr Duplica Duplic t a ion Pixley
Chromosome Duplication Pixley Figure 4-6 Molecular Biology of the Cell ( Garland Science 2008) Figure 4-72 Molecular Biology of the Cell ( Garland Science 2008) Interphase During mitosis (cell division),
UNIT 8 BIOLOGY: Meiosis and Heredity Page 148
UNIT 8 BIOLOGY: Meiosis and Heredity Page 148 CP: CHAPTER 6, Sections 1-6; CHAPTER 7, Sections 1-4; HN: CHAPTER 11, Section 1-5 Standard B-4: The student will demonstrate an understanding of the molecular
Figure S1. Programmed cell death in the AB lineage occurs in temporally distinct
SUPPLEMENTAL FIGURE LEGENDS Figure S1. Programmed cell death in the AB lineage occurs in temporally distinct waves. (A) A representative sub-lineage (ABala) of the C. elegans lineage tree (adapted from
The two steps of vulval induction in Oscheius tipulae CEW1 recruit common regulators including a MEK kinase
Developmental Biology 265 (2004) 113 126 www.elsevier.com/locate/ydbio The two steps of vulval induction in Oscheius tipulae CEW1 recruit common regulators including a MEK kinase Marie-Laure Dichtel-Danjoy
Q2 (4.6) Put the following in order from biggest to smallest: Gene DNA Cell Chromosome Nucleus. Q8 (Biology) (4.6)
Q1 (4.6) What is variation? Q2 (4.6) Put the following in order from biggest to smallest: Gene DNA Cell Chromosome Nucleus Q3 (4.6) What are genes? Q4 (4.6) What sort of reproduction produces genetically
The phenotype of this worm is wild type. When both genes are mutant: The phenotype of this worm is double mutant Dpy and Unc phenotype.
Series 1: Cross Diagrams There are two alleles for each trait in a diploid organism In C. elegans gene symbols are ALWAYS italicized. To represent two different genes on the same chromosome: When both
Solutions to Problem Set 4
Question 1 Solutions to 7.014 Problem Set 4 Because you have not read much scientific literature, you decide to study the genetics of garden peas. You have two pure breeding pea strains. One that is tall
When one gene is wild type and the other mutant:
Series 2: Cross Diagrams Linkage Analysis There are two alleles for each trait in a diploid organism In C. elegans gene symbols are ALWAYS italicized. To represent two different genes on the same chromosome:
V- 1. Chapter 5. Summary
V- 1 Chapter 5 Summary V- 2 This body of work combines molecular and genetic techniques to analyze IP 3 signaling downstream of the Caenorhabditis elegans LET-23 epidermal growth factor receptor homolog.
Time allowed: 2 hours Answer ALL questions in Section A, ALL PARTS of the question in Section B and ONE question from Section C.
UNIVERSITY OF EAST ANGLIA School of Biological Sciences Main Series UG Examination 2017-2018 GENETICS BIO-5009A Time allowed: 2 hours Answer ALL questions in Section A, ALL PARTS of the question in Section
Principles of Genetics
Principles of Genetics Snustad, D ISBN-13: 9780470903599 Table of Contents C H A P T E R 1 The Science of Genetics 1 An Invitation 2 Three Great Milestones in Genetics 2 DNA as the Genetic Material 6 Genetics
m1 m2 m3 m4 m5 m6 m7 m8 wt m m m m m m m m8 - + wt +
otherwise, you couldn't grow them!) You perform pairwise infections with each of your mutant bacteriophage strains and get the following results: (+) = pair of phages lysed host cells, (-) = pair of phages
The Worm, Ceanorhabditis elegans
1 1 Institute of Biology University of Iceland October, 2005 Lecture outline The problem of phenotype Dear Max Sidney Brenner A Nobel Prize in Medicine Genome sequence Some tools Gene structure Genomic
Chapter 2: Extensions to Mendel: Complexities in Relating Genotype to Phenotype.
Chapter 2: Extensions to Mendel: Complexities in Relating Genotype to Phenotype. please read pages 38-47; 49-55;57-63. Slide 1 of Chapter 2 1 Extension sot Mendelian Behavior of Genes Single gene inheritance
A Global Analysis of Synthetic Genetic Interactions & A Genetic Analysis of Muscle Arm Development in Caenorhabditis elegans.
A Global Analysis of Synthetic Genetic Interactions & A Genetic Analysis of Muscle Arm Development in Caenorhabditis elegans by Alexandra Byrne A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for
Unit 3 - Molecular Biology & Genetics - Review Packet
Name Date Hour Unit 3 - Molecular Biology & Genetics - Review Packet True / False Questions - Indicate True or False for the following statements. 1. Eye color, hair color and the shape of your ears can
What happens to the replicated chromosomes? depends on the goal of the division
Segregating the replicated chromosomes What happens to the replicated chromosomes? depends on the goal of the division - to make more vegetative cells: mitosis daughter cells chromosome set should be identical
with%dr.%van%buskirk%%%
with%dr.%van%buskirk%%% How$to$do$well?$ Before$class:$read$the$corresponding$chapter$ Come$to$class$ready$to$par9cipate$in$Top$Hat$ Don t$miss$an$exam!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!$ But$I m$not$good$with$science
Allele interactions: Terms used to specify interactions between alleles of the same gene: Dominant/recessive incompletely dominant codominant
Biol 321 Feb 3, 2010 Allele interactions: Terms used to specify interactions between alleles of the same gene: Dominant/recessive incompletely dominant codominant Gene interactions: the collaborative efforts
Cell Death & Trophic Factors II. Steven McLoon Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota
Cell Death & Trophic Factors II Steven McLoon Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota 1 Remember? Neurotrophins are cell survival factors that neurons get from their target cells! There is a
Name Period. 3. How many rounds of DNA replication and cell division occur during meiosis?
Name Period GENERAL BIOLOGY Second Semester Study Guide Chapters 3, 4, 5, 6, 11, 14, 16, 17, 18 and 19. SEXUAL REPRODUCTION AND MEIOSIS 1. What is the purpose of meiosis? 2. Distinguish between diploid
Biology 11 UNIT 1: EVOLUTION LESSON 2: HOW EVOLUTION?? (MICRO-EVOLUTION AND POPULATIONS)
Biology 11 UNIT 1: EVOLUTION LESSON 2: HOW EVOLUTION?? (MICRO-EVOLUTION AND POPULATIONS) Objectives: By the end of the lesson you should be able to: Describe the 2 types of evolution Describe the 5 ways
Designer Genes C Test
Northern Regional: January 19 th, 2019 Designer Genes C Test Name(s): Team Name: School Name: Team Number: Rank: Score: Directions: You will have 50 minutes to complete the test. You may not write on the
Name Period. 2. Name the 3 parts of interphase AND briefly explain what happens in each:
Name Period GENERAL BIOLOGY Second Semester Study Guide Chapters 3, 4, 5, 6, 11, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16, and 17. SEXUAL REPRODUCTION AND MEIOSIS 1. The cell cycle consists of a growth stage and a division
Dissection of Genetic Pathways in C. elegans
CHAPTER 5 Dissection of Genetic Pathways in C. elegans Zheng Wang and David R. Sherwood Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA Abstract I. Introduction II. Strategies for Identifying
CHAPTER 3. EGF and Wnt signaling during patterning of the C. elegans
III-1 CHAPTER 3 EGF and Wnt signaling during patterning of the C. elegans Bγ/δ Equivalence Group Adeline Seah and Paul W. Sternberg Abstract III-2 During development, different signaling pathways interact
BIOLOGY LTF DIAGNOSTIC TEST MEIOSIS & MENDELIAN GENETICS
016064 BIOLOGY LTF DIAGNOSTIC TEST MEIOSIS & MENDELIAN GENETICS TEST CODE: 016064 Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or completions.
Chapter 18 Lecture. Concepts of Genetics. Tenth Edition. Developmental Genetics
Chapter 18 Lecture Concepts of Genetics Tenth Edition Developmental Genetics Chapter Contents 18.1 Differentiated States Develop from Coordinated Programs of Gene Expression 18.2 Evolutionary Conservation
Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) Today s Nobel Prize in Chemistry
In the news: High-throughput sequencing using Solexa/Illumina technology The copy number of each fetal chromosome can be determined by direct sequencing of DNA in cell-free plasma from pregnant women Confession:
FGF signaling functions in the hypodermis to regulate fluid balance in C. elegans
Research article 2595 FGF signaling functions in the hypodermis to regulate fluid balance in C. elegans Peng Huang and Michael J. Stern* Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Genetics, I-354
CHAPTER 2. Wnt and EGF pathways act together to induce C. elegans. male hook development
II-1 CHAPTER 2 Wnt and EGF pathways act together to induce C. elegans male hook development Adeline Seah *, Hui Yu *, Michael A. Herman, Edwin L. Ferguson, H. Robert Horvitz and Paul W. Sternberg *Equal
The EGF Signaling Pathway! Introduction! Introduction! Chem Lecture 10 Signal Transduction & Sensory Systems Part 3. EGF promotes cell growth
Chem 452 - Lecture 10 Signal Transduction & Sensory Systems Part 3 Question of the Day: Who is the son of Sevenless? Introduction! Signal transduction involves the changing of a cell s metabolism or gene
Natural Selection results in increase in one (or more) genotypes relative to other genotypes.
Natural Selection results in increase in one (or more) genotypes relative to other genotypes. Fitness - The fitness of a genotype is the average per capita lifetime contribution of individuals of that
Homework Assignment, Evolutionary Systems Biology, Spring Homework Part I: Phylogenetics:
Homework Assignment, Evolutionary Systems Biology, Spring 2009. Homework Part I: Phylogenetics: Introduction. The objective of this assignment is to understand the basics of phylogenetic relationships
part of a chromosome allow piece of DNA allow parts of chromosomes 1
M.(a) part of a chromosome allow piece of DNA allow parts of chromosomes controls a characteristic allow controls characteristics allow codes for (or controls production of) protein / enzyme ignore examples
1. The diagram below shows two processes (A and B) involved in sexual reproduction in plants and animals.
1. The diagram below shows two processes (A and B) involved in sexual reproduction in plants and animals. Which statement best explains how these processes often produce offspring that have traits not
Cadmium Poisoning Ingestion of cadmium can cause: Cancer Renal failure Bone weakening and fracture Damage to nervous and immune systems Death Danger Level Present in over 60% of hazardous waste sites as
Zool 3200: Cell Biology Exam 5 4/27/15
Name: Trask Zool 3200: Cell Biology Exam 5 4/27/15 Answer each of the following short answer questions in the space provided, giving explanations when asked to do so. Circle the correct answer or answers
Nature Biotechnology: doi: /nbt Supplementary Figure 1. Overexpression of YFP::GPR-1 in the germline.
Supplementary Figure 1 Overexpression of YFP::GPR-1 in the germline. The pie-1 promoter and 3 utr were used to express yfp::gpr-1 in the germline. Expression levels from the yfp::gpr-1(cai 1.0)-expressing
Chem Lecture 10 Signal Transduction
Chem 452 - Lecture 10 Signal Transduction 111202 Here we look at the movement of a signal from the outside of a cell to its inside, where it elicits changes within the cell. These changes are usually mediated
Objective 3.01 (DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis)
Objective 3.01 (DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis) DNA Structure o Discovered by Watson and Crick o Double-stranded o Shape is a double helix (twisted ladder) o Made of chains of nucleotides: o Has four types
Life Cycles, Meiosis and Genetic Variability24/02/2015 2:26 PM
Life Cycles, Meiosis and Genetic Variability iclicker: 1. A chromosome just before mitosis contains two double stranded DNA molecules. 2. This replicated chromosome contains DNA from only one of your parents
AP Biology Unit 6 Practice Test 1. A group of cells is assayed for DNA content immediately following mitosis and is found to have an average of 8
AP Biology Unit 6 Practice Test Name: 1. A group of cells is assayed for DNA content immediately following mitosis and is found to have an average of 8 picograms of DNA per nucleus. How many picograms
ARK-1 Inhibits EGFR Signaling in C. elegans
Molecular Cell, Vol. 6, 65 75, July, 2000, Copyright 2000 by Cell Press ARK-1 Inhibits EGFR Signaling in C. elegans Neil A. Hopper,* Junho Lee, and Paul W. Sternberg Excessive or inappropriate signaling
Bio 3411, Fall 2006, Lecture 19-Cell Death.
Types of Cell Death Questions : Apoptosis (Programmed Cell Death) : Cell-Autonomous Stereotypic Rapid Clean (dead cells eaten) Necrosis : Not Self-Initiated Not Stereotypic Can Be Slow Messy (injury can
What is a sex cell? How are sex cells made? How does meiosis help explain Mendel s results?
CHAPTER 6 3 Meiosis SECTION Heredity BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What is a sex cell? How are sex cells made? How does meiosis help explain
Modeling Genetic Variation in Gametes PSI AP Biology
Modeling Genetic Variation in Gametes PSI AP Biology Name: Objective Students will model the processes of gamete formation that increase genetic variation: independent assortment, crossing-over, and fertilization.
THE EVOLUTION OF POPULATIONS THE EVOLUTION OF POPULATIONS
WHAT IS LIFE? A GUIDE TO BIOLOGY, ART NOTEBOOK, PAGE 8 THE OF POPULATIONS Figure 8-10, part 1 Evolution defined. THE OF POPULATIONS TIGER POPULATION Allele frequencies: Proportion of orange fur-pigment
7.06 Problem Set #4, Spring 2005
7.06 Problem Set #4, Spring 2005 1. You re doing a mutant hunt in S. cerevisiae (budding yeast), looking for temperaturesensitive mutants that are defective in the cell cycle. You discover a mutant strain
Lesson 4: Understanding Genetics
Lesson 4: Understanding Genetics 1 Terms Alleles Chromosome Co dominance Crossover Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA Dominant Genetic code Genome Genotype Heredity Heritability Heritability estimate Heterozygous
Biol. 303 EXAM I 9/22/08 Name
Biol. 303 EXAM I 9/22/08 Name -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- This exam consists of 40 multiple choice questions worth 2.5
CSS 350 Midterm #2, 4/2/01
6. In corn three unlinked dominant genes are necessary for aleurone color. The genotypes B-D-B- are colored. If any of these loci is homozygous recessive the aleurone will be colorless. What is the expected
MCB 141 Midterm I Feb. 19, 2009
Write your name and student ID# on EVERY PAGE of your exam MCB 141 Midterm I Feb. 19, 2009 Circle the name of your TA Jessica Lyons Alberto Stolfi Question #1 Question #2 Question #3 Question #4 TOTAL
Why Flies? stages of embryogenesis. The Fly in History
The Fly in History 1859 Darwin 1866 Mendel c. 1890 Driesch, Roux (experimental embryology) 1900 rediscovery of Mendel (birth of genetics) 1910 first mutant (white) (Morgan) 1913 first genetic map (Sturtevant
NCEA Level 2 Biology (91157) 2017 page 1 of 5 Assessment Schedule 2017 Biology: Demonstrate understanding of genetic variation and change (91157)
NCEA Level 2 Biology (91157) 2017 page 1 of 5 Assessment Schedule 2017 Biology: Demonstrate understanding of genetic variation and change (91157) Evidence Statement Q1 Expected coverage Merit Excellence
Biology 1 Spring 2010 Summative Exam
Biology 1 Spring 2010 Summative Exam Short Answer USING SCIENCE SKILLS The pedigree shows the inheritance of free earlobes and attached earlobes in five generations of a family. Attached earlobes are caused
Big Idea 3B Basic Review. 1. Which disease is the result of uncontrolled cell division? a. Sickle-cell anemia b. Alzheimer s c. Chicken Pox d.
Big Idea 3B Basic Review 1. Which disease is the result of uncontrolled cell division? a. Sickle-cell anemia b. Alzheimer s c. Chicken Pox d. Cancer 2. Cancer cells do not exhibit, which can lead to the
Chapter 17: Population Genetics and Speciation
Chapter 17: Population Genetics and Speciation Section 1: Genetic Variation Population Genetics: Normal Distribution: a line graph showing the general trends in a set of data of which most values are near
Science Unit Learning Summary
Learning Summary Inheritance, variation and evolution Content Sexual and asexual reproduction. Meiosis leads to non-identical cells being formed while mitosis leads to identical cells being formed. In
Lecture 14 Chapter 11 Biology 5865 Conservation Biology. Problems of Small Populations Population Viability Analysis
Lecture 14 Chapter 11 Biology 5865 Conservation Biology Problems of Small Populations Population Viability Analysis Minimum Viable Population (MVP) Schaffer (1981) MVP- A minimum viable population for
Which of these best predicts the outcome of the changes illustrated in the diagrams?
1. The diagrams below show two different scenarios for a pair of homologous chromosomes, known as a tetrad, undergoing a change where segments of DNA switch on parts of the chromosomes. In each scenario,
Name Date Class. Meiosis I and Meiosis II
Concept Mapping Meiosis I and Meiosis II Complete the events chains about meiosis I and meiosis II. These terms may be used more than once: chromosomes, condense, cytokinesis, equator, line up, nuclei,
Constructing a Pedigree
Constructing a Pedigree Use the appropriate symbols: Unaffected Male Unaffected Female Affected Male Affected Female Male carrier of trait Mating of Offspring 2. Label each generation down the left hand
Cover Requirements: Name of Unit Colored picture representing something in the unit
Name: Period: Cover Requirements: Name of Unit Colored picture representing something in the unit Biology B1 1 Target # Biology Unit B1 (Genetics & Meiosis) Learning Targets Genetics & Meiosis I can explain
Recessive Genetic Disorders: a recessive trait is expressed when the individual is homozygous recessive for the trait.
Complex Inhertiance Recessive Genetic Disorders: a recessive trait is expressed when the individual is homozygous recessive for the trait. This is true for other species besides humans Carriers: Individuals
DURING the development of the Caenorhabditis
Copyright Ó 2008 by the Genetics Society of America DOI: 10.1534/genetics.108.087221 Caenorhabditis elegans Genes Required for the Engulfment of Apoptotic Corpses Function in the Cytotoxic Cell Deaths
Cell Cell Communication in Development
Biology 4361 Developmental Biology Cell Cell Communication in Development June 25, 2008 Cell Cell Communication Concepts Cells in developing organisms develop in the context of their environment, including
Perplexing Observations. Today: Thinking About Darwinian Evolution. We owe much of our understanding of EVOLUTION to CHARLES DARWIN.
Today: Thinking About Darwinian Evolution Part 1: Darwin s Theory Perplexing Observations Mystery of the Black Death?? What is evolution?? And what is this finch doing?!? We owe much of our understanding
What is the structure of DNA?
NAME Biology Final Review Sem. II Genetics 1. Define: a. allele b. phenotype c. genotype d. recessive e. dominant f. heterozygous g. homozygous h. autosomes i. sex chromosomes j. Punnett square k. pedigree
that does not happen during mitosis?
Review! What is a somatic cell?! What is a sex cell?! What is a haploid cell?! What is a diploid cell?! Why is cell division important?! What are the different types of cell division?! What are these useful
MicroRNA mir-34 provides robustness to environmental stress response via
MicroRNA mir-34 provides robustness to environmental stress respoe via the DAF-16 network in C. elega Meltem Isik 1,2, T. Keith Blackwell 2, and Eugene Berezikov 1,3 1 Hubrecht Ititute-KNAW and University
Grade 11 Biology SBI3U 12
Grade 11 Biology SBI3U 12 } We ve looked at Darwin, selection, and evidence for evolution } We can t consider evolution without looking at another branch of biology: } Genetics } Around the same time Darwin
Runaway. demogenetic model for sexual selection. Louise Chevalier. Jacques Labonne
Runaway demogenetic model for sexual selection Louise Chevalier Master 2 thesis UPMC, Specialization Oceanography and Marine Environments Jacques Labonne UMR Ecobiop INRA - National Institute for Agronomic
Unit 6 Reading Guide: PART I Biology Part I Due: Monday/Tuesday, February 5 th /6 th
Name: Date: Block: Chapter 6 Meiosis and Mendel Section 6.1 Chromosomes and Meiosis 1. How do gametes differ from somatic cells? Unit 6 Reading Guide: PART I Biology Part I Due: Monday/Tuesday, February
Supplementary Materials for
www.sciencesignaling.org/cgi/content/full/6/301/ra98/dc1 Supplementary Materials for Regulation of Epithelial Morphogenesis by the G Protein Coupled Receptor Mist and Its Ligand Fog Alyssa J. Manning,
Chapter 10 Beyond Mendel s Laws of Inheritance
female / eggs Colonie High AP Biology Chapter 10 Beyond Mendel s Laws of Inheritance Extending Mendelian Genetics Mendel worked with a simple system peas are genetically simple most traits are controlled
A Genetic Mosaic Screen of Essential Zygotic Genes in Caenorhabditis elegans
Copyright 0 1991 by the Genetics Society of America A Genetic Mosaic Screen of Essential Zygotic Genes in Caenorhabditis elegans Elizabeth A. Bucher and Iva Greenwald Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton
Natural Variation, Development, and Adaptive Phenotypes in C. elegans
Natural Variation, Development, and Adaptive Phenotypes in C. elegans Bradly Alicea http://publish.illinois.edu/bradly-alicea Fly/Worm Club, UIUC, April 22, 2015 with input from Nathan Schroeder, Rebecca
Problem Set 3 10:35 AM January 27, 2011
BIO322: Genetics Douglas J. Burks Department of Biology Wilmington College of Ohio Problem Set 3 Due @ 10:35 AM January 27, 2011 Chapter 4: Problems 3, 5, 12, 23, 25, 31, 37, and 41. Chapter 5: Problems
mrna Codon Table Mutant Dinosaur Name: Period:
Mutant Dinosaur Name: Period: Intro Your dinosaur is born with a new genetic mutation. Your job is to map out the genes that are influenced by the mutation and to discover how the new dinosaurs interact
4/19/10 More complications to Mendel
4/19/10 More complications to Mendel Complications to the relationship between genotype to phenotype Commentary written in response to the release of the first draft of the human genome sequence From Science
INTERCELLULAR signaling is one of the primary descendants) (reviewed by Horvitz and Sternberg
Copyright 1998 by the Genetics Society of America Gain-of-Function Mutations in the Caenorhabditis elegans lin-1 ETS Gene Identify a C-Terminal Regulatory Domain Phosphorylated by ERK MAP Kinase Dave Jacobs,*
CAPE Biology Unit 1 Scheme of Work
CAPE Biology Unit 1 Scheme of Work 2011-2012 Term 1 DATE SYLLABUS OBJECTIVES TEXT PAGES ASSIGNMENTS COMMENTS Orientation Introduction to CAPE Biology syllabus content and structure of the exam Week 05-09
9 Genetic diversity and adaptation Support. AQA Biology. Genetic diversity and adaptation. Specification reference. Learning objectives.
Genetic diversity and adaptation Specification reference 3.4.3 3.4.4 Learning objectives After completing this worksheet you should be able to: understand how meiosis produces haploid gametes know how
Lecture WS Evolutionary Genetics Part I 1
Quantitative genetics Quantitative genetics is the study of the inheritance of quantitative/continuous phenotypic traits, like human height and body size, grain colour in winter wheat or beak depth in
Current Biology, Volume 18. David J. Reiner, Michael Ailion, James H. Thomas, and Barbara J. Meyer
Supplemental Data C. elegans Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Ortholog SCD-2 Controls Dauer Formation by Modulating TGF-β Signaling David J. Reiner, Michael Ailion, James H. Thomas, and Barbara J. Meyer Supplemental
www.lessonplansinc.com Topic: Dinosaur Evolution Project Summary: Students pretend to evolve two dinosaurs using genetics and watch how the dinosaurs adapt to an environmental change. This is a very comprehensive
Genetics (patterns of inheritance)
MENDELIAN GENETICS branch of biology that studies how genetic characteristics are inherited MENDELIAN GENETICS Gregory Mendel, an Augustinian monk (1822-1884), was the first who systematically studied
Natural Selection. Population Dynamics. The Origins of Genetic Variation. The Origins of Genetic Variation. Intergenerational Mutation Rate
Natural Selection Population Dynamics Humans, Sickle-cell Disease, and Malaria How does a population of humans become resistant to malaria? Overproduction Environmental pressure/competition Pre-existing
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
Supplementary Discussion Rationale for using maternal ythdf2 -/- mutants as study subject To study the genetic basis of the embryonic developmental delay that we observed, we crossed fish with different
Quantitative Genetics & Evolutionary Genetics
Quantitative Genetics & Evolutionary Genetics (CHAPTER 24 & 26- Brooker Text) May 14, 2007 BIO 184 Dr. Tom Peavy Quantitative genetics (the study of traits that can be described numerically) is important
Learning Objectives:
Review! Why is cell division important?! What are the different types of cell division?! What are these useful for?! What are the products?! What is a somatic cell?! What is a sex cell?! What is a haploid