BIOLOGY. An Overview of Animal Diversity CAMPBELL. Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson
|
|
- Franklin Holmes
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 CAMPBELL BIOLOGY TENTH EDITION Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson 32 An Overview of Animal Diversity Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick
2
3 Concept 32.1: Animals are multicellular, heterotrophic eukaryotes with tissues that develop from embryonic layers Animals are multicellular eukaryotes Nutritional Mode: Animals are heterotrophs that ingest their food and digest within their bodies (unlike fungi) Many have elaborate tissue architecture downside?
4 Cell Structure and Specialization Their cells lack cell walls Their bodies are held together by structural proteins such as collagen specialization: Tissues are groups of similar cells that act as a functional unit Nervous tissue and muscle tissue are unique, defining characteristics of animals
5 Reproduction and Development Most animals reproduce sexually, with the diploid stage usually dominating the life cycle After a sperm fertilizes an egg, the zygote undergoes rapid cell division called cleavage Cleavage leads to formation of a multicellular, hollow blastula The blastula undergoes gastrulation, forming a gastrula with different layers of embryonic tissues
6 Figure Zygote Eight-cell stage Cleavage Most animals reproduce sexually, with the diploid stage usually dominating the life cycle
7 Figure Zygote Eight-cell stage Cleavage Cleavage Blastocoel Blastula multicellular, hollow Cross section of blastula
8 Figure Zygote Eight-cell stage Cleavage Cleavage Blastocoel Blastula Cross section of blastula Gastrulation Cross section of gastrula Blastopore Blastocoel Endoderm Ectoderm Archenteron different layers of embryonic tissues
9 Video: Sea Urchin Embryonic Development (Time Lapse)
10 Most animals have at least one larval stage A larva is sexually immature and morphologically distinct from the adult; it eventually undergoes metamorphosis to become a juvenile A juvenile resembles an adult, but is not yet sexually mature larva
11 Most animals, and only animals, have Hox genes that regulate the development of body form Although the Hox family of genes has been highly conserved, it can produce a wide diversity of animal morphology
12 Concept 32.2: The history of animals spans more than half a billion years The common ancestor of all living animals likely lived between MYA Ediacaran fossil animals Ediacaran biota ~560 MYA
13 Steps in the Origin of Multicellular Animals Slime molds Tubulinids Entamoebas Nucleariids Fungi Choanoflagellates Animals Excavata SAR clade Archaeplastida Unikonta
14 Concept 28.5: Unikonts include protists that are closely related to fungi and animals The supergroup Unikonta includes animals, fungi, and some protists This group includes two clades: the amoebozoans and the opisthokonts (animals, fungi, and related protists)
15 Figure Results Choanoflagellates Common ancestor of all eukaryotes Animals Fungi Amoebozoans Diplomonads Euglenozoans Unikonta Excavata DHFR-TS gene fusion Stramenopiles Alveolates Rhizarians Red algae Green algae Plants SAR clade Archaeplastida
16 Figure Rhizarian amoebas Rhizarians (radiolarians, forams, and cercozoans) differ from amoebas in other clades by having threadlike pseudopodia Pseudopodia 200 μm
17 Amoebozoans Amoebozoans are amoeba that have lobe- or tube-shaped, rather than threadlike, pseudopodia They include 1) slime molds, 2) tubulinids, and 3) entamoebas
18 1) Slime Molds Cellular slime molds form multicellular aggregates in which cells are separated by their membranes Cells feed individually but can aggregate to migrate and form a fruiting body Dictyostelium discoideum is an experimental model for studying the evolution of multicellularity
19 Figure μm Spores (n) Emerging amoeba (n) Solitary amoebas (feeding stage) (n) ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION Aggregated amoebas FERTILIZATION SEXUAL REPRO- DUCTION Zygote (2n) MEIOSIS Amoebas (n) Fruiting bodies (n) Migrating aggregate 200 μm Cellular Slime Molds Haploid (n) Diploid (2n)
20 2) Tubulinids Tubulinids are a diverse group of amoebozoans with lobeor tube-shaped pseudopodia They are common unicellular protists in soil as well as freshwater and marine environments Most tubulinids are heterotrophic and actively seek and consume bacteria and other protists 3) Entamoebas Entamoebas are parasites of vertebrates and some invertebrates - causes amoebic dysentery
21 Figure Results Choanoflagellates Common ancestor of all eukaryotes Animals Fungi Amoebozoans Diplomonads Euglenozoans Unikonta Excavata DHFR-TS gene fusion Stramenopiles Alveolates Rhizarians Red algae Green algae Plants SAR clade Archaeplastida
22 Concept 32.2: The history of animals spans more than half a billion years The common ancestor of all living animals likely lived between MYA Morphological and molecular evidence points to a group of protists called choanoflagellates as the closest living relatives to animals
23 Figure 32.3 Morphological evidence Individual choanoflagellate Choanoflagellates OTHER EUKARYOTES Sponges Animals Other animals Collar cell (choanocyte) similar collar cell s seen
24 Figure 32.4 molecular evidence The origin of multicellularity requires the evolution of new ways for cells to adhere (attach) and signal (communicate) to each other Choanoflagellate Hydra Fruit fly Mouse CCD domain (only found in animals) Cadherin proteins similarities between genes coding for proteins involved in adherence and attachment in choanoflagellates and animals
25 Paleozoic Era ( Million Years Ago) The Cambrian explosion (535 to 525 million years ago) marks the earliest fossil appearance of many major groups of living animals
26 Paleozoic Era ( Million Years Ago) Most of the fossils from the Cambrian explosion are of bilaterians, organisms that have the following traits: Bilaterally symmetric form Complete digestive tract One-way digestive system
27 Figure 32.7 A Cambrian seascape Hallucigenia fossil (530 mya) 1 cm
28 There are several hypotheses regarding the cause of the Cambrian explosion and decline of Ediacaran biota New predator-prey relationships A rise in atmospheric oxygen The evolution of the Hox gene complex
29 Concept 32.3: Animals can be characterized by body plans body plan - a set of morphological and developmental traits 1) Symmetry (e.g.radial symmetry-with no front and back, or left and right) Radial animals are often sessile or planktonic (drifting or weakly swimming)
30 Two-sided symmetry is called bilateral symmetry Bilaterally symmetrical animals have A dorsal (top) side and a ventral (bottom) side A right and left side Anterior (front) and posterior (back) ends Many also have sensory equipment, such as a brain, concentrated in their anterior end Bilateral animals often move actively and have a central nervous system Bilaterians- flatworms, arthropods, vertebrates, and others
31 Figure 32.3 Choanoflagellates OTHER EUKARYOTES Sponges Sponges lack true tissues Animals Other animals
32 2) organization of the animal s tissues Tissues are collections of specialized cells isolated from other tissues by membranous layers During development, three germ layers give rise to the tissues and organs of the animal embryo Diploblastic animals have Ectoderm is the germ layer covering the embryo s surface Endoderm is the innermost germ layer and lines the developing digestive tube, called the archenteron Triploblastic animals intervening mesoderm layer
33 Figure 32.9 Body cavity- coelom derived from mesoderm body cavity derived from the mesoderm and endoderm (a) Coelomate (b) Psuedocoelomate Coelom Body covering (from ectoderm) Body covering (from ectoderm) Digestive tract (from endoderm) Tissue layer lining coelom and suspending internal organs (from mesoderm) Pseudocoelom Digestive tract (from endoderm) Muscle layer (from mesoderm) (c) Acoelomate Body covering (from ectoderm) Wall of digestive cavity (from endoderm) Tissuefilled region (from mesoderm) Key Ectoderm Mesoderm Endoderm Body cavities of triploblastic animals
34 Terms such as coelomates and pseudocoelomates refer to organisms that have a similar body plan and belong to the same grade A grade is a group whose members share key biological features A grade is not necessarily a clade, an ancestor and all of its descendants
35 3) Protostome and Deuterostome Development based on early development
36 Figure 32.10a Cleavage of early embryo In protostome development, cleavage is spiral and determinate In deuterostome development, cleavage is radial and indeterminate With indeterminate cleavage, each cell in the early stages of cleavage retains the capacity to develop into a complete embryo Indeterminate cleavage makes possible identical twins, and embryonic stem cells (a) Cleavage Protostome development (examples: molluscs, annelids) Eight-cell stage Deuterostome development (examples: echinoderms, chordates) Eight-cell stage Spiral and determinate Radial and indeterminate
37 Figure 32.10b (b) Coelom formation Key Ectoderm Mesoderm Endoderm Protostome development (examples: molluscs, annelids) Archenteron Coelom Deuterostome development (examples: echinoderms, chordates) Coelom Mesoderm Blastopore Blastopore Mesoderm Solid masses of mesoderm split and form coelom. Folds of archenteron form coelom.
38 Figure 32.10c (c) Fate of the blastopore Protostome development (examples: molluscs, annelids) Anus Deuterostome development (examples: echinoderms, chordates) Mouth Digestive tube Key Ectoderm Mesoderm Endoderm Mouth Mouth develops from blastopore. Anus Anus develops from blastopore.
39 Concept 32.4: Views of animal phylogeny continue to be shaped by new molecular and morphological data By 500 million years ago, most animal phyla with members alive today were established Phylogenies now combine morphological, molecular, and fossil data Zoologists recognize about 36 animal phyla
40 Five important points about the relationships among living animals are reflected in their phylogeny 1. All animals share a common ancestor 2. Sponges are basal animals 3. Eumetazoa ( true animals ) is a clade of animals with true tissues 4. Most animal phyla belong to the clade Bilateria 5. There are three major clades of bilaterian animals, all of which are invertebrates, animals that lack a backbone, except Chordata, which are classified as vertebrates because they have a backbone
41 Figure Porifera ANCESTRAL PROTIST Metazoa 770 million years ago Eumetazoa 680 million years ago Bilateria 670 million years ago Bilateral symmetry Three germ layers Deuterostomia Lophotrochozoa Ecdysozoa Ctenophora Cnidaria Acoela Hemichordata Echinodermata Chordata Platyhelminthes Rotifera Ectoprocta Brachiopoda Mollusca Annelida Nematoda Arthropoda
42 Figure 32.11b The bilaterians are divided into three clades: Lophotrochozoa have a feeding structure called a lophophore Ecdysozoa is a clade of invertebrates that shed their exoskeletons through a process called ecdysis
Animal Diversity. Features shared by all animals. Animals are multicellular, heterotrophic eukaryotes with tissues that develop from embryonic layers
Animal Diversity Animals are multicellular, heterotrophic eukaryotes with tissues that develop from embryonic layers Nutritional mode Ingest food and use enzymes in the body to digest Cell structure and
More informationBIOLOGY. An Introduction to Animal Diversity CAMPBELL. Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY TENTH EDITION Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson 32 An Introduction to Animal Diversity Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick A Kingdom of Consumers
More informationAn Introduction to Animal Diversity
Chapter 32 An Introduction to Animal Diversity PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions
More information1. General Features of Animals
Chapter 32: An Overview of Animal Diversity 1. General Features of Animals 2. The History of Animals 1. General Features of Animals General Characteristics of Animals animals are multicellular eukaryotic
More informationAn Introduction to Animal Diversity
Chapter 32 An Introduction to Animal Diversity PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions
More informationChapter 32 Introduction to Animal Diversity. Copyright 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Diversity Welcome to Your Kingdom The animal kingdom extends far beyond humans and other animals we may encounter 1.3 million living species of animals have been identified
More informationOutline. v Definition and major characteristics of animals v Dividing animals into groups based on: v Animal Phylogeny
BIOSC 041 Overview of Animal Diversity: Animal Body Plans Reference: Chapter 32 Outline v Definition and major characteristics of animals v Dividing animals into groups based on: Body symmetry Tissues
More informationBiosc 41 9/10 Announcements
Biosc 41 9/10 Announcements v Genetics review: group problem sets Groups of 3-4 Correct answer presented to class = 2 pts extra credit Incorrect attempt = 1 pt extra credit v Lecture: Animal Body Plans
More informationBIOLOGY. Chapter 27 Introduction to Animal Diversity
BIOLOGY Chapter 27 Introduction to Animal Diversity Fig. 32-1 An Overview of Animal Diversity Multicellular Nutrition mode: Heterotrophic (ingestion) Cell structure & specialization Tissues develop from
More informationv Scientists have identified 1.3 million living species of animals v The definition of an animal
Biosc 41 9/10 Announcements BIOSC 041 v Genetics review: group problem sets Groups of 3-4 Correct answer presented to class = 2 pts extra credit Incorrect attempt = 1 pt extra credit v Lecture: Animal
More informationAn Overview of Animal Diversity
Figure 32.1 CAMPBELL BIOLOGY Figure 32.1a A Kingdom of Consumers TENTH EDITION Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson! Most animals are mobile and use traits such as strength, speed, toxins, or camouflage
More information8/23/2014. Introduction to Animal Diversity
Introduction to Animal Diversity Chapter 32 Objectives List the characteristics that combine to define animals Summarize key events of the Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic eras Distinguish between the
More informationAn Introduction to Animal Diversity
Chapter 32 An Introduction to Animal Diversity PowerPoint Lectures for Biology, Seventh Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero Overview: Welcome to Your Kingdom The animal kingdom
More informationAnimal Diversity. Animals are multicellular, heterotrophic eukaryotes with tissues that develop from embryonic layers 9/20/2017
Animal Diversity Chapter 32 Which of these organisms are animals? Animals are multicellular, heterotrophic eukaryotes with tissues that develop from embryonic layers Animals share the same: Nutritional
More informationChapter 32 Introduction to Animal Diversity
Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Diversity Review: Biology 101 There are 3 domains: They are Archaea Bacteria Protista! Eukarya Endosymbiosis (proposed by Lynn Margulis) is a relationship between two
More informationChapter 32, 10 th edition Q1.Which characteristic below is shared by plants, fungi, and animals? ( Concept 32.1)
Chapter 32, 10 th edition Q1.Which characteristic below is shared by plants, fungi, and animals? ( Concept 32.1) A) They are multicellular eukaryotes. B) They are heterotrophs. C) Their cells are supported
More informationSection 4 Professor Donald McFarlane
Characteristics Section 4 Professor Donald McFarlane Lecture 11 Animals: Origins and Bauplans Multicellular heterotroph Cells lack cell walls Most have nerves, muscles, capacity to move at some point in
More informationAnimal Origins and Evolution
Animal Origins and Evolution Common Features of Animals multicellular heterotrophic motile Sexual reproduction, embryo Evolution of Animals All animals are multicellular and heterotrophic, which means
More informationBIOLOGY - CLUTCH CH.32 - OVERVIEW OF ANIMALS.
!! www.clutchprep.com Animals are multicellular, heterotrophic eukaryotes that feed by ingesting their food Most animals are diploid, and produce gametes produced directly by meiosis Animals lack cell
More informationWhat Is an Animal? Section 25.1 Typical Animal Characteristics. I. Characteristics of Animals. Biology II Mrs. Michaelsen
What Is an Animal? Section 25.1 Typical Animal Characteristics Biology II Mrs. Michaelsen I. Characteristics of Animals A. All animals are eukaryotic, multicellular, have ways of moving to reproduce, obtain
More informationAn Introduction to Animal Diversity
Chapter 32 An Introduction to Animal Diversity Lecture Outline Overview: Welcome to Your Kingdom Biologists have identified 1.3 million living species of animals. Estimates of the total number of animal
More informationIntroduction to Animal Diversity Lecture 7 Winter 2014
Introduction to Animal Diversity Lecture 7 Winter 2014 Evolution of Animals 1 Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Prokaryotes No nucleus Nucleoid region Simple No membrane bound organelles Smaller (1-5 nm) Evolutionarily
More informationA. Incorrect! Sponges are mostly marine animals. This is a feature of sponges.
College Biology - Problem Drill 15: The Evolution of Animal Diversity Question No. 1 of 10 1. Which is not a feature of the phyla porifera- sponges? Question #01 (A) Most are marine animals. (B) They have
More informationLearning Objectives. The Animal Kingdom: An Introduction to Animal Diversity. Sexual Reproduction
Learning Objectives The Animal Kingdom: An Introduction to Animal Diversity Chapter 29 What characters are common to most animals? Advantages and disadvantages of different environments Searching for relationships
More informationIntroduction to Animal Kingdom. Invertebrates and Vertebrates
Introduction to Animal Kingdom Invertebrates and Vertebrates Introduction To Animals Vertebrate animal with a backbone. Invertebrate animal without a backbone; includes more than 95% of all animal species
More informationBiology 211 (1) Exam 2 Worksheet!
Biology 211 (1) Exam 2 Worksheet Chapter 33 Introduction to Animal Diversity Kingdom Animalia: 1. Approximately how many different animal species are alive on Earth currently. How many those species have
More informationBIOLOGY. An Introduction to Invertebrates CAMPBELL. Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY TENTH EDITION Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson 33 An Introduction to Invertebrates Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick Figure 33.UN08 Metazoa Eumetazoa
More informationIntroduction to Animals
Introduction to Animals Moving Forward Quizlet Each section we cover, 1 group will go to our class on Quizlet and create 20 flash cards on the topic (/5mks) If I warn you about talking while I m talking,
More informationEmbryonic Development. Chapters 32-34: Animal Diversity AP Biology Fig Zygote Cleavage Blastocoel. Cleavage.
Chapters 32-34: Animal Diversity AP Biology 2012 1 Animal Characteristics Heterotrophs Multicellular Eukaryotes Cells lack cell walls Bodies held together by structural proteins like collagen Contain nervous
More informationFeatures of the Animal
Features of the Animal Kingdom Bởi: OpenStaxCollege Even though members of the animal kingdom are incredibly diverse, animals share common features that distinguish them from organisms in other kingdoms.
More informationBiology 11. The Kingdom Animalia
Biology 11 The Kingdom Animalia Objectives By the end of the lesson you should be able to: Describe the 5 ways we classify animals Symmetry Germ layers Body plan Segmentation Animal Evolution Hank Video
More informationAnimals. What are they? Where did they come from? What are their evolutionary novelties? What characterizes their diversification?
Animals What are they? Where did they come from? What are their evolutionary novelties? What characterizes their diversification? What synapomorphies unite Animals Multicellular Heterotrophs (Metazoans)?
More informationLecture XII Origin of Animals Dr. Kopeny
Delivered 2/20 and 2/22 Lecture XII Origin of Animals Dr. Kopeny Origin of Animals and Diversification of Body Plans Phylogeny of animals based on morphology Porifera Cnidaria Ctenophora Platyhelminthes
More information3. Choanoflagellates resemble what? What is the significance of this resemblance?
I. Animal Diversity 1. What are some basic characteristics of the animal kingdom? What characteristics make them different from plants? - Eukaryotic, heterotrophic (we don t make our own food), we store
More informationInstructor Information!
Instructor Information Dr. Anne Boettger Office: 610-430-4601 email: aboettger@wcupa.edu Schmucker North 475 Office hours: Monday 1-2 pm Tuesday/Thursday 9-11am otherwise by appointment All pertinent information
More informationPage 1. Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension. Skill: Application/Analysis. Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Chapter 32 An Introduction to Animal Diversity Multiple-Choice Questions 1) Which of the following terms or structures is properly associated only with animals? A) Hox genes B) cell wall C) autotrophy
More informationChapter 32. Objectives. Table of Contents. Characteristics. Characteristics, continued. Section 1 The Nature of Animals
Introduction to Animals Table of Contents Objectives Identify four important characteristics of animals. List two kinds of tissues found only in animals. Explain how the first animals may have evolved
More informationKINGDOM ANIMALIA CHARACTERISTICS
KINGDOM ANIMALIA CHARACTERISTICS EUKARYOTIC MULTICELLULAR HETEROTROPHIC (by ingestion) MOVE AT SOME POINT IN LIFE (not all - sponges are sessile) DIGEST FOOD TO GET NUTRIENTS LACK CELL WALLS CHARACTERISTICS
More informationA Brief Survey of Life s Diversity 1
Name A Brief Survey of Life s Diversity 1 AP WINTER BREAK ASSIGNMENT (CH 25-34). Complete the questions using the chapters of your textbook Campbell s Biology (8 th edition). CHAPTER 25: The History of
More informationANIMAL DIVERSITY AND THE EVOLUTION OF BODY PLANS
ANIMAL DIVERSITY AND THE EVOLUTION OF BODY PLANS GENERAL FEATURES OF ANIMALS Heterotrophy - obtain energy and organic molecules by ingesting other organisms Multicellularity - Many have complex bodies
More informationResources. Visual Concepts. Chapter Presentation. Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter Presentation Visual Concepts Transparencies Standardized Test Prep Introduction to Animals Table of Contents Section 2 Animal Body Systems Objectives Identify the features that animals have in
More informationKingdom Animalia. Zoology the study of animals
Kingdom Animalia Zoology the study of animals Summary Animals are multicellular and eukaryotic. consume and digest organic materials thereby being heterotrophs. Most are motile at some time in their lives.
More informationBacteria, Protists, Fungi, Plants, Animals: Phylogeny and Diversity
Bacteria, Protists, Fungi, Plants, Animals: Phylogeny and Diversity 1/8/2006 Phylogeny 2 1/8/2006 Phylogeny 3 Proteobacteria Chlamydias Spirochetes Cyanobacteria Gram positive bacteria Korarchaeotes Euryarchaeotes,
More informationRevision Based on Chapter 25 Grade 11
Revision Based on Chapter 25 Grade 11 Biology Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
More informationThe Evolution of Animal Diversity. Dr. Stephen J. Salek Biology 130 Fayetteville State University
The Evolution of Animal Diversity Dr. Stephen J. Salek Biology 130 Fayetteville State University Create your own animal? Start with a basic plant. Make the plant into a simple animal such as a worm. Consider:
More informationInvertebrate Diversity
CHAPTER 23 Invertebrate Diversity Summary of Key Concepts Concept 23.1 Diverse animals share several key characteristics. (pp. 494 496) More than a million living species of animals are organized into
More informationINVERTEBRATE DIVERSITY
INVERTEBRATE DIVERSITY 1 INVERTEBRATES Animals that lack a backbone Invertebrates 2 1 ANIMAL DEVELOPMENT Meiosis Egg Sperm Zygote Adult Blastula hollow ball of cells in a developing animal Gastrula Stage
More informationChapter 8-9 Intro to Animals. Image from:
Chapter 8-9 Intro to Animals Image from: http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/index.html Zoology Definition: the scientific study of the behavior, structure, physiology, classification, and distribution
More information1/30/2009. Copyright The McGraw Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
CHAPTER 9 Architectural Pattern of an Animal New Designs for Living Zoologists recognize 34 major phyla of living multicellular animals Survivors of around 100 phyla that appeared 600 million years ago
More information23.1 Animal Characteristics EQ Although diverse, what common characteristics do all animal share?
23.1 Animal Characteristics EQ Although diverse, what common characteristics do all animal share? Sea Slug 23.1 Animal Characteristics Animals are the most physically diverse kingdom of organisms and all
More informationProtists 9/11/2017. Endosymbiosis
Protists Chapter 28 Most eukaryotes are single-celled organisms Protists are eukaryotes Eukaryotic cells have organelles and are more complex than prokaryotic cells Most protists are unicellular, but there
More informationBrief Introduction to the Animal Kingdom
Brief Introduction to the Animal Kingdom Vocabulary Vertebrate Invertebrate Detritivore Asymmetry Bilateral symmetry Radial symmetry Cephalization Coelum Pseudocoelum Acoelomates Blastula Blastophore Protosome
More informationLab tomorrow.
Lab tomorrow https://pages.stolaf.edu/angell/readings/ Unit 1 A. The early life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes (Ch24) B. Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes (Ch25) C. Broad Patterns of Evolution
More informationIntroduction to Animals
Introduction to Animals Characteristics of Animals multicellular Except for sponges, animal cells are arranged into tissues. Tissues are necessary to produce organs and organ systems. Tissues, organs,
More informationEukaryote Phylogeny. Glycogen. Kingdom Animalia. Amoebozoa Animalia. Plantae. Chromalveolata Rhizaria. Fungi. Excavata
Eukaryote Phylogeny most protozoans, brown algae, & water molds Excavata Chromalveolata Rhizaria Plantae Amoebozoa Animalia Fungi cpsts. w/ 2 memb. chitin, hyphae glycogen eukaryotic cells (nucleus, etc.)
More information2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 1
1 4.5 bya 3.5 2.5 1.5 500 mya 1.8 bya 1.5 bya 1.3 bya 1.2 bya 750 mya 635 mya 600 mya 0.5 cm 550 mya 535 mya 1 cm 20 µm (a) A 1.8-billionyear-old fossil eukaryote (b) Tappania, a 1.5-billion-year-old fossil
More informationNumber of Species. Taxonomy and Animal Phylogeny. Approx. 1.5 million species known. Taxonomy = Systematics = Phylogeny. Miller and Harley Chap.
Taxonomy and Animal Phylogeny Miller and Harley Chap. 7 Number of Species Approx. 1.5 million species known Taxonomy = Systematics = Phylogeny 1 Taxonomic Hierarchy Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) Kingdom
More informationChapter 32 Intro to Animals. Image from:
Chapter 32 Intro to Animals Image from: http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/index.html Animals Invertebrates (animals without a backbone) Porifera Cnidaria Worms Mollusks Echinoderms Arthropods Animals
More informationPearson Education, Inc.
1 4.5 bya 3.5 1.5 2.5 500 mya 1.8 bya 1.5 bya 1.3 bya 1.2 bya 550 750 mya 635 mya 600 mya mya 0.5 cm 535 mya 1 cm (a) A 1.8-billionyear-old fossil (b) Tappania, a 1.5-billion-year-old fossil that may represent
More informationThe Animals, or Metazoa. Approximate proportions of animal species presently known; The true diversity of animals may be more than 90% Arthropods
The Animals, or Metazoa Are some of the best-studied organisms Comprise over a million known species Originated c. the Cambrian (~550 MYA) Most animal phyla are marine; however, due to the diversity of
More informationUnit 10: Animals Guided Reading Questions (80 pts total)
Name: AP Biology Biology, Campbell and Reece, 7th Edition Adapted from chapter reading guides originally created by Lynn Miriello Chapter 32 An Introduction to Animal Diversity 1. Define the following
More informationDue Friday, January 11, 2008
Due Friday, January 11, 2008 Name AP Biology Winter Assignment Parade Through the Kingdoms A Brief Survey of Life s Diversity Complete the questions using Chapters 26 34 of your textbook: Biology (7th
More informationAnimal Diversity I: Porifera, Cnidaria, Ctenophora, Platyhelminthes, Rotifera, Annelida
1 Animal Diversity I: Porifera, Cnidaria, Ctenophora, Platyhelminthes, Rotifera, Annelida Objectives: Be able to distinguish radial symmetry from bilateral symmetry. Be able to identify which of the phyla
More informationWorkshop: The Evolution of Animalia body symmetry embryonic germ layers ontogenetic origins I. What is an Animal?
Workshop: The Evolution of Animalia by Dana Krempels Perhaps even more than the other Eukarya, Animalia is characterized by a distinct progression of complexity in form and function as one moves from the
More informationNatural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 07 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida ANIMALIA. (More Similar to Fungi than Plants)
Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 07 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida ANIMALIA (More Similar to Fungi than Plants) ANIMAL SIMILARITIES PLANTS FUNGI Cell Walls - Immobile - Often need - substrate - Heterotrophs
More informationWorkshop: The Evolution of Animalia body symmetry embryonic germ layers ontogenetic origins I. What is an Animal? II. Germ Layers
Workshop: The Evolution of Animalia by Dana Krempels Perhaps even more than the other Eukarya, Animalia is characterized by a distinct progression of complexity in form and function as one moves from the
More informationThe Radiata-Bilateria split. Second branching in the evolutionary tree
The Radiata-Bilateria split Second branching in the evolutionary tree Two very important characteristics are used to distinguish between the second bifurcation of metazoans Body symmetry Germinal layers
More informationUnit 9: Diversity of Life Guided Reading Questions (90 pts total)
AP Biology Biology, Campbell and Reece, 10th Edition Adapted from chapter reading guides originally created by Lynn Miriello Name: Chapter 27 Bacteria and Archaea Unit 9: Diversity of Life Guided Reading
More informationNumber of Species. Taxonomy and Animal Phylogeny. Approx. 1.5 million species known. Taxonomy = Systematics = Phylogeny. Miller and Harley Chap.
Taxonomy and Animal Phylogeny Miller and Harley Chap. 7 Number of Species Approx. 1.5 million species known Taxonomy = Systematics = Phylogeny 1 Taxonomic Hierarchy Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) Kingdom
More informationAn Introduction to the Invertebrates (part 4?!) Annelida & Nematoda. Reference: Chapter 33.3, 33.4
An Introduction to the Invertebrates (part 4?!) Annelida & Nematoda Reference: Chapter 33.3, 33.4 More Relationships Slime molds Tubulinids Entamoebas Nucleariids Fungi Choanoflagellates Animals Excavata
More informationAre these organisms. animals or not?
1 2 3 4 5 Are these organisms 6 7 8 animals or not? 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Typical Animal Characteristics Eukaryotic Multicellular Ability to move Reproduce Obtain food (heterotrophic)
More informationBIOLOGY - CLUTCH CH.29 - PROTISTS.
!! www.clutchprep.com Eukrayotic cells are large, have a nucleus, contain membrane-bound organelles, and use a cytoskeleton The nucleus is the synapomorphy that unifies eukaryotes Endosymbiotic theory
More informationClassification. The three-domains. The six-kingdom system. The traditional five-kingdom system. Bacteria Archaea Eukarya
Classification The three-domains Bacteria Archaea Eukarya The six-kingdom system Bacteria Archaea Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia The traditional five-kingdom system Monera Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia
More informationKingdom Animalia - Evolution of Form and Function by Dana Krempels
Kingdom Animalia - Evolution of Form and Function by Dana Krempels A. Identification of synapomorphies defining major animal taxa Note the characters in the table below. Each should be placed on the phylogenetic
More informationLEARNING OBJECTIVES FOR BY 124 EXAM II. 1. List characteristics that distinguish fungi from organisms in other kingdoms.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES FOR BY 124 EXAM II CHAPTER 31 1. List characteristics that distinguish fungi from organisms in other kingdoms. 2. Explain how fungi obtain their nutrients. 3. Describe the basic body
More informationQuestions in developmental biology. Differentiation Morphogenesis Growth/apoptosis Reproduction Evolution Environmental integration
Questions in developmental biology Differentiation Morphogenesis Growth/apoptosis Reproduction Evolution Environmental integration Representative cell types of a vertebrate zygote => embryo => adult differentiation
More informationAP: CHAPTER 18: the Genetics of VIRUSES p What makes microbes good models to study molecular mechanisms? 4. What is a bacteriophage?
AP: CHAPTER 18: the Genetics of VIRUSES p328-340 1. What makes microbes good models to study molecular mechanisms? Name Per 2. How were viruses first discovered? 3. What are the two basic components of
More informationInvertebrate Survey Lab
Answer these questions before lab. 1. What kingdom do all animals fall into? a. Protist b. Animalia c. Eukarya 2. How many phyla of invertebrates are in appendix E on pages 1074-1076? a. 9 b. 7 c. 8 3.
More informationNumber of Species. Taxonomic Hierarchy. Representing the Groups. Binomial Nomenclature. Taxonomy and Animal Phylogeny. Carolus Linnaeus ( )
Taxonomy and Animal Phylogeny Number of Species Approx. 1.5 million species known Miller and Harley Chap. 7 Taxonomy = Systematics = Phylogeny Taxonomic Hierarchy Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) Kingdom Phylum
More informationCharacteristics of Animals
Characteristics of Animals Multicellular Cellular Organization What is this? Heterotrophic Adaptations CHAPTER 9 Cellular Organization 4 Major Functions of Animals Obtain food and water Sustain metabolism
More informationBIOS1101 Lab Notes. Contents ANIMALS. Lab 1: Animal Diversity invertebrates. Lab 2: Animal Diversity 2 vertebrates
Contents ANIMALS Lab 1: Animal Diversity invertebrates Lab 2: Animal Diversity 2 vertebrates Lab 3: Animal Structure 1 Gross morphology Lab 4: Animal Structure 2 Histology Lab 5: The Nervous System & Sensory
More informationWhat defines the zygote, the blastula, and the gastrula? Draw pictures.
What makes a multicellular organism multicellular? a) Multiple cells b) Multiple cells that work together c) Specialized cells d) Multiple specialized cells that work together What defines the zygote,
More informationA mind is a fire to be kindled, not a vessel to be filled.
A mind is a fire to be kindled, not a vessel to be filled. - Mestrius Plutarchus, or Plutarch, a leading thinker in the Golden Age of the Roman Empire (lived ~45 125 A.D.) Lecture 2 Distinction between
More informationWhat Is an Animal? Animals come in many shapes, forms, and sizes. About 98 percent of all animals are invertebrates. The Kingdom Animalia
What Is an Animal? What characteristics do all animals have? Animals come in many shapes, forms, and sizes. Scientists estimate that there are between 1 and 2 million species of animals! Some, like whales
More informationBIO 221 Invertebrate Zoology I Spring Correction: Porifera. Lower Metazoan Clades: Choanoflagellata Porifera Placozoa Cnidaria Ctenophora
BIO 221 Invertebrate Zoology I Spring 2010 Stephen M. Shuster Northern Arizona University http://www4.nau.edu/isopod Lecture 6 Correction: Porifera a. Are distinct from the Placozoa by: 1. Have collar
More informationOverview of Animal Diversity
Chapter 32 CHAPTER Overview of Animal Diversity Chapter Outline 32.1 Some General Features of Animals 32.2 Evolution of the Animal Body Plan 32.3 The Classification of Animals 32.4 The Roots of the Animal
More information6 characteristics blastula
Animals Characteristics The animal kingdom is divided into approximately 35 phyla with diverse species. However, all organisms in the animal kingdom share these 6 characteristics Eukaryotic Lack cell walls
More informationUnit 10: Animals Guided Reading Questions (100 pts total)
Name: AP Biology Biology, Campbell and Reece, 7th Edition Adapted from chapter reading guides originally created by Lynn Miriello Chapter 32 An Introduction to Animal Diversity 1. Define the following
More information1. General Features of Protists
Chapter 28: Protists 1. General Features of Protists 2. Survey of the Protista A. The Excavata B. The SAR Clade C. The Archaeplastida D. The Unikonta 1. General Features of Protists All Protists are Eukaryotes
More informationChapter 32: An Introduction to Animal Diversity
Chapter 32: An Introduction to Animal Diversity Chapter 32: An Introduction to Animal Diversity Name Period Concept 32.1 Animals are multicellular, heterotrophic eukaryotes with tissues that develop from
More informationBiology 340 Comparative Embryology Lecture 4 Dr. Stuart Sumida. Overview of Pre-Metazoan. and Protostome Development (Insects)
Biology 340 Comparative Embryology Lecture 4 Dr. Stuart Sumida Overview of Pre-Metazoan and Protostome Development (Insects) Plants Fungi Animals In1998 fossilized animal embryos were reported from the
More informationChapter 9. Benefits of Being Large. Levels of Organization in Organismal Complexity. Hierarchical Organization of Animal Complexity. Fig. 9.
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Chapter 9 Architectural Pattern of an Animal Levels of Organization in Organismal Complexity Zoologists recognize
More information31.1 What Evidence Indicates the Animals Are Monophyletic?
31.1 What Evidence Indicates the Animals Are Monophyletic? What traits distinguish the animals from the other groups of organisms? In contrast to the Bacteria, Archaea, and most microbial eukaryotes, all
More informationSuperphylum Deuterostomia
Superphylum Deuterostomia Bởi: OpenStaxCollege The phyla Echinodermata and Chordata (the phylum in which humans are placed) both belong to the superphylum Deuterostomia. Recall that protostome and deuterostomes
More informationIf done properly, is based on evolutionary relationships (at least to some extent). Kingdom -> Phylum -> Class -> Order -> Family -> Genus -> species
Taxonomy. (Your text makes a real mess of this. Use these notes as a guide through the book.) Study of classifying and naming organisms. Founded by Linnaeus. If done properly, is based on evolutionary
More informationUnit 8: Prokaryotes, Protists, & Fungi Guided Reading Questions (60 pts total)
AP Biology Biology, Campbell and Reece, 10th Edition Adapted from chapter reading guides originally created by Lynn Miriello Name: Chapter 27 Bacteria and Archaea Unit 8: Prokaryotes, Protists, & Fungi
More informationBIO 170 General Biology I Spring 2014 Freeman Lecture Exam 1
BIO 170 General Biology I Spring 2014 Freeman Lecture Exam 1 Part A 1) This is part Aof the lecture exam. Please choose the answer a below: a. Choose this answer b. Do not choose this answer 2) How many
More informationOpenStax-CNX module: m Animal Phylogeny * OpenStax. Abstract. 1 Constructing an Animal Phylogenetic Tree
OpenStax-CNX module: m44658 1 Animal Phylogeny * OpenStax This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 By the end of this section, you will be able
More informationProtists The Simplest Eukaryotes. Chapter 22 Part 1
Protists The Simplest Eukaryotes Chapter 22 Part 1 Impacts, Issues The Malaria Menace Plasmodium, a single-celled protist, causes malaria but also manipulates its mosquito and human hosts to maximize its
More information