1. In regard to the characteristics of connective tissue, which of the following is TRUE?

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1 Anatomy and Physiology Fall 2017: Exam I Form A Name: 1. In regard to the characteristics of connective tissue, which of the following is TRUE? a. Once formed the ground substance found in areolar CT is maintained by fibroblasts b. Reticular CT has high tensile strength c. Collagen is the primary fiber found in the matrix of hyaline cartilage d. Lacunae are found the matrices of connective tissue proper 2. All of the following are characteristics of connective tissue EXCEPT: a. Mesenchyme is formed from embryological endoderm b. Adipocytes are usually only found in areolar connective tissue c. Most membranes are made of fibrocartilage d. Reticular tissue may be used to strengthen the walls of small blood vessels 3. In regards to glandular epithelial tissue, which of the following is NOT TRUE? a. Acinar glands have cylinder-shaped secretory elements b. Goblet cells are single cell exocrine glands c. Glands may have secretory elements with more than one shape d. Apocrine glands are damaged during the process of releasing their secretions 4. In regards to body cavities and membranes, which of the following is TRUE? a. The mediastinum is located superior to the pericardial cavity b. When the body is in the biped position, the cranial cavity is anterior to the vertebral cavity c. The visceral layer of the serosa membrane is made from simple squamous epithelial tissue d. A & B 5. In regards to cell division, which of the following is NOT TRUE? a. During both mitosis and meiosis, the resulting daughter cells may have two copies of the genome b. Chiasmata are only present during metaphase I of meiosis c. All sister chromatids produced in Meiosis I will have undergone synapsis d. Sister chromatids separate during Meiosis II e. B & C

2 Use the following list to answer Question 6. 1 Occipital 5 Crural 2 Perineal 6 Cranial 3 Scapular 7 Lumbar 4 Manus 8 Buccal 6. The body is sectioned by a sagittal plane that passes through the right patellar region. A transverse plane intersects this plane at the upper extent of the mental region. Which of the regions listed above can be found medial to the sagittal plane and superior to the transverse plane? a. 1, 3 & 6 b. 1, 6 & 8 c. 1, 3, 6 & 8 d. 6 & 8 e. 4, 6 & 8 Use the following list to answer Question 7. 1 Nucleolus 5 Microfilaments 2 Golgi Apparatus 6 Nuclear membrane 3 Smooth endoplasmic reticulum 7 Rough endoplasmic reticulum 4 Mitochondria 8 Transport vesicle 7. The formation of secretory vesicles may require which of the cellular components listed above? a. 1, 3 & 5 b. 2, 5, 6 & 7 c. 5 & 7 d. 1, 3, 5, & 7 e. 5, 6 & 7 8. In regards to cellular anatomy, which of the following is NOT TRUE? a. Translation only occurs during S of the cell cycle b. Intra-cellular calcium storage occurs within the smooth ER c. Peroxisomes are the only organelle that has a single membrane d. Cristae are folding of the inner mitochondrial membrane e. Secretory vesicles carry the synthesized protein to the plasma membrane 9. In regards to the cell cycle, which of the following is NOT TRUE? a. Cells in G0 may continue to express genes but permanently lose the capacity to divide b. Gene expression cannot occur during the S phase c. Organelles are duplicated during G2 d. G1 is only possible in cells that have completed transcription

3 Use the following list to answer Question Prophase of mitosis 5 Prophase 1 of meiosis 2 Metaphase of mitosis 6 Prophase 2 of meiosis 3 Anaphase of mitosis 7 Anaphase 1 of meiosis 4 Telophase of mitosis 8 Anaphase 2 of meiosis 10. Which of the phases of cell division listed above have chromosomes not associated at chiasmata and have two kinetochores attached to the centromeres? a. 1, 3, 4 & 8 b. 3, 4 & 8 c. 1, 2, 5 & 6 d. 1, 2 & 6 e. 1, 2, 6 & Which of the following are characteristics of cells in Anaphase II of meiosis? a. Each chromatid has at least one kinetochore attached to its centromere b. 4N copies of the genome are present in the cell c. Synapsis has been completed d. A & C Use the following table to answer Question Stratified squamous epithelium 4 Transitional epithelium 2 Simple squamous epithelium 5 Stratified columnar epithelium 3 Simple cuboidal epithelium 6 Stratified cuboidal 12. Which of the above have two or more layers of cells and MAY be in contact with internal body fluids? a. All of the above b. 5 & 6 c. 4, 5 & 6 d. 1, 4, 5 & 6 e. 1, 4 & 5

4 13. All of the following are characteristics of cancer EXCEPT: a. Dysplasias change the size of cells b. Poorly differentiated cells that include genetic damage may become cancerous c. Benign tumors are typically formed from nervous or muscle tissue d. Damage to tumor suppressor genes increases the risk of cancer 14. Of the following characteristics, which may be exhibited by connective tissue but not epithelial tissue? a. Vascularity b. Nervous innervation c. Extracellular fibers d. Cellular regeneration 15. Mitochondria may be associated with which of the following parts of the cytoskeleton? a. Microfilaments b. Intermediate fibers c. Microtubules d. A & C e. B & C 16. In regards to the modifications on the surface of cells, which of the following is TRUE? a. Lipid soluble materials can pass through the plasma membrane of cells connected by tight junctions b. Pseudostratified columnar cells may have brush borders on their apical surfaces c. Columnar cells may have villi on their apical surface d. A & B Use the following table to answer Question Areolar tissue 2 Adipose 3 Dense irregular connective tissue 4 Bone 5 Hyaline cartilage 6 Fibrocartilage 17. Of the connective tissues listed above, which have lacunae within a gelatinous ground substance? a. 1 & 2 b. 3, 4 & 5 c. 2, 4, 5 & 6 d. 4, 5 & 6 e. 5 & 6

5 18. In regards to membrane function and transport, all of the following are true EXCEPT: a. Phagocytosis requires a concentration gradient that favors the inward movement of an insoluble material b. Peripheral proteins may be on the intracellular or extracellular surface of the membrane c. Movement of a solute against a concentration gradient is an active process d. During all forms of endocytosis, extracellular materials are non-selectively moved into the cell 19. In regards to skeletal tissue, which of the following is NOT TRUE? a. Spongy bone is only found in the epiphysis of bones b. Trabecula do not have central canals c. Osteoid is produced by osteocytes d. Both the endosteum and periosteum contain osteoblasts and osteoclasts 20. In regards to homeostasis, which of the following is TRUE? a. When calcium levels in the blood decrease osteoclasts breakdown bone to increase calcium levels. This is an example of positive feedback. b. Positive feedback systems increase body variables that have dropped below normal ranges of function c. The central processor sends efferent information to effector systems d. A & C 21. In regards to the gross anatomy of bone, which of the following is NOT TRUE? a. Sharpey s fibers are densest at locations where tendons attach to bones b. Yellow marrow is present in the medullary cavity of mature bone c. Hyaline cartilage covers the surface of the diaphysis d. The inner periosteal membrane is osteogenic e. C & D 22. Assuming the body has been divided by a horizontal plane that is immediately superior to the umbilical region, which of the following accurately describe the observed results? a. The sural and buccal regions would both be found on the section superior to the plane b. The lumbar region would be divided by this plane c. The antecubital, antebrachial and pectoral regions would all be found on the section inferior to this plane d. The optic and crural regions would both be found in the superior body section e. A & B 23. In regards to the microscopic anatomy of bone, which of the following is TRUE? a. In adult bone, red marrow is only found in regions where trabeculae are located b. Lacunae are only found in compact bone c. Perpendicular canals connect the central canals of neighboring osteon d. Lamella contain parallel layers of reticular fibers

6 24. All of the following are characteristics of connective tissue EXCEPT: a. Collagen has greater tensile strength than reticular fibers b. The cells that make the fibers found in the matrix of connective tissue also make its ground substance c. Fibrocartilage is often found where force may be applied in multiple directions d. Elastic cartilage is formed from alternating rows of chondrocytes with elastic fibers e. C & D 25. In regards to the dermis, which of the following is NOT TRUE? a. Sebacious glands secrete onto hair follicles b. Merocrine glands have pores on the surface of the skin c. Skin with hair follicles do not have dermal papillae d. Eccrine glands are activated by the sympathetic nervous system e. C & D 26. Tissue that has few extracellular fibers and little extracellular fluid is most likely to have which of the following functions? a. Information processing b. Generation of force c. Cover exposed surfaces d. Provide structure and support e. None of the above 27. In regards to skin, which of the following is NOT TRUE? a. The reticular layer is comprised of dense irregular connective tissue b. Sensory receptors may be found in the papillary layer of the dermis c. The stratum basale of mature skin include mitotically active cells d. Langerhan s cells are in layers superficial to the stratum granulosum e. Lamellated granules reduce water loss from the epidermis 28. In regards to the function and location of the different types of tissue, which of the following is TRUE? a. Respiratory membrane of the lungs is comprised mainly of simple columnar epithelial tissue b. The epiglottis is comprised mainly of dense irregular connective tissue c. The articulating surfaces of long bones are likely to include a type of connective tissue that is vascular d. Mucosal layer of the urinary system is likely to include a type of epithelial tissue that has cilia e. None of the above is TRUE 29. In regards to the layers that comprise the epidermis, which of the following is NOT TRUE? a. The stratum lucidum is more superficial than the stratum spinosum b. The stratum granulosum is deeper than the stratum spinosum c. Kerotinocytes within the stratum corneum are dead d. Kerotinocytes within the stratum spinosum are connected by intermediate fibers 30. Which of the following is organized from most superficial to deepest?

7 a. Endosteum, compact bone, spongy bone, periosteum b. Periosteum, spongy bone, compact bone, endosteum c. Endosteum, spongy bone, compact bone, periosteum d. Periosteum, compact bone, spongy bone, endosteum e. Compact bone, endosteum, spongy bone, periosteum

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