Natural History of Exotic Mammals

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1 Unit 24: Natural History of Exotic Mammals Unit code: Y/503/1743 QCF level: 5 Credit value: 15 Aim This unit aims to develop learners understanding of the natural history of mammalian groups and individual significant species, their origins, adaptations, characteristics and behaviour in the wild, together with their present status and the viability of their survival. Unit abstract A study of mammals in their natural environment, as well as becoming more popular, has significantly enhanced our knowledge and understanding of wild animal species. Field research of mammalian adaptations, their distribution, demographics and pressures has benefits for both insitu conservation and captive animal management. Knowledge gained in this unit will benefit learners seeking employment in related careers in the UK and abroad, such as zoo work, research or conservation. The unit examines the natural history of mammalian groups and individual significant species, their origins, adaptations, characteristics and behaviour in the wild as well as examining the current pressures and threats to mammal groups and the conservation efforts both in situ and in captivity to preserve the long-term viability of mammal species. Learning outcomes On successful completion of this unit a learner will: 1 Understand the variations in the natural history of carnivores 2 Understand the natural history of non-carnivores 3 Understand the adaptations and status of aquatic mammals 4 Understand the specialisation of Chiroptera, monotremes and marsupials. BH Edexcel BTEC Levels 4 and 5 Higher Nationals units in Animal Management 125 Issue 1 June 2011 Edexcel Limited 2011

2 Unit content 1 Understand the variations in the natural history of carnivores Groups: Felidae; Canidae; Ursidae; Viverridae; Hyaenidae; Procyonidae; Mustelidae; individual species identification and differentiation Natural history: distribution; demographics; habitat; lifestyle; territoriality; adaptations; characteristics and behaviour; communication; socio-biology; hunting techniques and prey species; reproductive strategies; interspecific and intraspecific competition Conservation: population status; pressures; human conflict and prejudice; in-situ management strategies; ex-situ captive breeding evaluation; reintroduction potential; case studies; welfare and ethics 2 Understand the natural history of non-carnivores Groups: primates; lagomorphs and rodents; even and odd-toed ungulates; Proboscidae; individual species identification and differentiation Natural history: distribution; demographics; habitat; lifestyle; migration; adaptations; characteristics and behaviour; communication; socio-biology; foraging and preferred flora; predation defence/avoidance; reproductive strategies; interspecific and intraspecific competition with wild and domestic stock Conservation: population status; pressures; human conflict; in situ management strategies; ex situ captive breeding evaluation; reintroduction potential; case studies; welfare and ethics 3 Understand the adaptations and status of aquatic mammals Groups: Cetacea; Pinnipedia; individual species identification and differentiation Natural history: distribution; demographics; habitat; lifestyle; migration; adaptations; characteristics and behaviour; communication; socio-biology; hunting techniques and prey species; foraging and diet; predation; defence/avoidance; reproductive strategies; intraspecific and inter specific relationships Conservation: population status; pressures; in situ management strategies; ex situ captive breeding evaluation; reintroduction potential; case studies; welfare and ethics 126 BH Edexcel BTEC Levels 4 and 5 Higher Nationals units in Animal Management Issue 1 June 2011 Edexcel Limited 2011

3 4 Understand the specialisation of Chiroptera, monotremes and marsupials Groups: Chiroptera; monotremes; marsupials; individual species identification and differentiation Natural history: distribution; demographics; habitat; lifestyle; adaptations; characteristics and behaviour; communication; socio-biology; hunting techniques and prey species; foraging and diet; predation defence/avoidance; reproductive strategies; intraspecific and interspecific relationships Conservation: population status; pressures; human conflict; in situ management strategies; ex situ captive breeding evaluation; reintroduction potential; case studies; welfare and ethics BH Edexcel BTEC Levels 4 and 5 Higher Nationals units in Animal Management 127 Issue 1 June 2011 Edexcel Limited 2011

4 Learning outcomes and assessment criteria Learning outcomes On successful completion of this unit a learner will: Assessment criteria for pass The learner can: LO1 LO2 LO3 Understand the variations in the natural history of carnivores Understand the natural history of non-carnivores Understand the adaptations and status of aquatic mammals 1.1 describe the evolution of carnivores to present-day species status 1.2 evaluate how the lifestyles of carnivores have adapted to suit their particular environments 1.3 compare differing social and reproductive behaviours of carnivores 1.4 examine the relative advantages of social and reproductive strategies 1.5 review the success of current predatory mammal conservation strategies 2.1 describe the evolution and speciation of noncarnivores 2.2 discuss the morphological, physiological and behavioural adaptations of non-carnivores in relation to their ecological niches 2.3 compare the social, foraging and predation evasion behaviour of non-carnivores 2.4 review the success of current non-carnivore conservation strategies 3.1 evaluate the evolution and speciation of aquatic mammals 3.2 discuss the morphological, physiological and behavioural adaptations of Cetaceans and Pinnipeds to suit their aquatic environments 3.3 review the behavioural strategies and communication methods used by aquatic mammals during migration, foraging and social interaction 3.4 discuss current threats affecting specific aquatic environments and their impact on aquatic mammals 128 BH Edexcel BTEC Levels 4 and 5 Higher Nationals units in Animal Management Issue 1 June 2011 Edexcel Limited 2011

5 Learning outcomes On successful completion of this unit a learner will: Assessment criteria for pass The learner can: LO4 Understand the specialisation of Chiroptera, monotremes and marsupials 4.1 discuss the biogeography and evolution of Chiroptera, monotremes and marsupials 4.2 describe the behavioural strategies and communication methods used by Chiroptera during foraging and social interaction 4.3 review the unique reproductive strategies of monotremes and marsupials 4.4 review the success of current Chiroptera conservation strategies BH Edexcel BTEC Levels 4 and 5 Higher Nationals units in Animal Management 129 Issue 1 June 2011 Edexcel Limited 2011

6 Guidance Links This unit is closely linked with Unit 9: Principles of Ecology, Unit 16: Management of Animal Collections and Unit 17: Fish, Game and Wildlife Management. Essential requirements Up-to-date literature on mammalian conservation, including case studies, will be needed to support delivery of this unit. The use of journals, TV programmes, non-governmental organisation materials and newspaper articles will assist learners in their research. A sufficient stock of library resources including textbooks on evolution, taxonomy, mammalian groups, orders and individual species, behaviour, ecology and conservation must be available for learners. Employer engagement and vocational contexts Employers, charitable and conservation organisations, can play a large role in delivery of this unit. The knowledge and experiences of professionals who work with exotic mammals as well as the information regarding conservation strategies and real life case studies will bring a realistic approach to this unit for learners. Visits to the Natural History museum, zoological collections and exotic animal rescue and welfare organisations will give learners the opportunity to see conservation work in action and could also provide opportunities for work experience. Guest speakers from organisations such as Born Free, WSPA, Greenpeace and WWF can share their expertise and knowledge of exotic mammals both in captivity and the wild with learners, and also provide current information on the conservation efforts and strategies currently being deployed to preserve mammal species. Employers could liaise with tutors in planning of programmes of learning, enabling visits and providing guest speakers as well as providing specialist resources to support learning. 130 BH Edexcel BTEC Levels 4 and 5 Higher Nationals units in Animal Management Issue 1 June 2011 Edexcel Limited 2011

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