Origins of Eukaryotic Diversity Protists Diversity

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2 Origins of Eukaryotic Diversity Protists Diversity

3 For Lecture, Make sure you know the Water Molds (Oomycota) names and characteris6cs of the taxa at the levels indicated by the red arrows.

4 Characteristics Nucleus (Eukaryotic) Membrane-bound organelles Ribosomes (80s) Unicellular, Colonial, and Multicellular types Four Supergroups: Excavata SAR (Stramenopiles, Alveolata, Rhizaria) Archaeplastida (includes land plants) Unikonta (includes animals and fungi)

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7 Supergroup: Excavata Clade: Diplomonads ex. Giardia excavated groove on one side of the body (lack plastids, lack DNA in mitochondria, two haploid nuclei, flagella, simple cytoskeleton)

8 Supergroup: Excavata Clade: Parabaslids ex. Trichimonas (Causes Trichomoniasis) excavated groove on one side of the body (lack plastids, lack DNA in mitochondria, Undulating ) Membrane

9 Supergroup: Excavata Clade: Euglenozoa excavated groove on one side of the body Move by flagella with spiral or crystalline rod 2 Groups: Euglenids Kinetoplastids

10 Supergroup: Excavata Clade: Euglenozoa Group: Euglenids ex. Euglena (anterior pocket with flagella)

11 Supergroup: Excavata Clade: Euglenozoa Group: Kinetoplastids ex. Trypanosoma (single large mitochondria with kinetoplast - organized mass of DNA)

12 Supergroup: SAR Clade: Alveolata Supergroup Char: DNA Clade characteristics: Contain Alveoli (membrane-bounded sacs) beneath their cell surface 3 Groups: Dinoflagellates Apicomplexans Ciliates

13 Supergroup: SAR Clade: Alveolata Group: Dinoflagellates (2 flagella located within a groove, xanthophyll)

14 Supergroup: SAR Clade: Alveolata group: Apicomplexans ex. Plasmodium (parasitic, apical structure)

15

16 Supergroup: SAR Clade: Alveolata Group: Ciliates (have Cilia used for movement)

17 Supergroup: SAR Clade: Stramenopiles Supergroup Char: DNA Clade characteristics: Have hairlike projections on flagella Four Groups: Diatoms (Bacillariophyta) Golden Algae (Chrysophyta) Brown Algae (Phaeophyta) Water Mold (Oomycetes)

18 Supergroup: SAR Clade: Stramenopiles Groups: Diatoms Overlapping silica test pigments: carotene, xanthophyll, -Diatomaceous earth, -Filters -Fertilizing the oceans

19 Supergroup: SAR Clade: Stramenopiles Groups: Golden Algae (Chrysophyta) cell wall: Silica pigments: carotene, xanthophyll

20 Supergroup: SAR Clade: Stramenopiles Groups: Brown Algae cell wall: cellulose, algin Alternation of generations

21 Supergroup: SAR Clade: Stramenopiles Groups: Water Molds (Oomycota) pigments:none cell wall: cellulose, coenocytic (aseptate) hyphae Irish Potato Famine, French Wine Crisis (1800 s)

22 SAR (Rhizaria) Thin pseudopodia Used for movement and feeding Groups: Cercozoans Foraminiferans Radiolarians

23 Supergroup: SAR Group: Cercozoans Plastids surrounded by four membranes (secondary endosymbiosis). 2 from cyanobacterium 3 rd from alga s plasma membrane 4 th from heterotrophic food vacuole.

24 Supergroup: Rhizaria Group: Foraminiferans (Forams) porous shells made of Calcium Carbonate

25 Supergroup: Rhizaria Group: Radiolarians Actinopods (fused plates silica with axopodia)

26 Supergroup: Archaeplastida Ancient protists that engulfed a cyanobacterium Three Groups: Red Algae (Rodophyta) Green Algae (Chlorophyta) Land Plants

27 Supergroup: Archaeplastida Group: Rhodophyta (Red) Red Algae Phycoerythrin

28 Supergroup: Archaeplastida Group: Chlorophyta (& Charophytes) Green Algae Have Chloroplasts similar to plants

29 Supergroup: Unikonta Very Diverse Group Molecular Systematics links groups (but highly debatable) Two Clades: Amoebozoans Opisthokonts

30 Supergroup: Unikonta Clade: Amoebozoans Group:Slime Molds Group:Gymnamoebas Group:Entamoebas Many With Lobe or tube shaped Pseudopodia

31 Supergroup: Unikonta Clade: Amoebozoans Group:Slime Molds Group:Gymnamoebas Group:Entamoebas Produce fruiting body that aids in spore dispersal Plasmoidial NOT Mul5cellular From a plasmodium (feeding stage) single mass of cytoplasm with many nuclei diploid

32 Supergroup: Unikonta Clade: Amoebozoans Group:Slime Molds Group:Gymnamoebas Group:Entamoebas Produce fruiting body that aids in spore dispersal Cellular (feed like individual amoebas) aggregate to breed or during stress Haploid Organisms

33 Supergroup: Unikonta Clade: Amoebozoans Group:Slime Molds Group:Gymnamoebas Group:Entamoebas Most are Free-living Amoebas

34 Supergroup: Unikonta Clade: Amoebozoans Group:Slime Molds Group:Gymnamoebas Group:Entamoebas Most are parastic amoebas Entamoeba histolytica 3 rd eukaryotic after Malaria and Schistosomiasis

35 Supergroup: Unikonta Clade: Opisthokonts Group:Nucleariids Group:Choanoflagellates Very Diverse Group: Nuceariids = most closely related to Fungi Choanoflagellates = most closely related to animals

36 Supergroup: Unikonta Clade: Opisthokonts Group:Nucleariids Amoebas that feed on algae and bacteria

37 Supergroup: Unikonta Clade: Opisthokonts Group:Choanoflagellates Similar in morphology and DNA to animals

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