Meiosis & Sexual Reproduction
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1 Meiosis & Sexual Reproduction
2 Turn in warm ups to basket! Prepare for your test! Get out your mitosis/meiosis foldable After the test: New vocabulary!
3 2/23/17 Draw and label the parts of the cell cycle
4 Cell cycle Cancer Chromatin Carcinogen Chromosome Stem cell Cytokinesis Gene Interphase Gamete Mitosis Haploid Anaphase Fertilization Centromere Diploid Metaphase Meiosis Prophase Crossing over Sister chromatid Telophase Homologous chromosome Apoptosis
5 Warm Up In what stage of mitosis is this cell? Justify your answer.
6 Warm Up Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis.
7 Cell division / Asexual reproduction Mitosis produce cells that are the same identical daughter cells exact copies clones same amount of DNA same # of chromosomes Aaaargh! I m seeing double!
8 How about the rest of us? What if a complex multicellular organism (like us) wants to reproduce? joining of egg + sperm Do we make egg & sperm by mitosis? What if we did, then egg sperm zygote Doesn t work!
9 Human female karyotype 46 chromosomes 23 pairs
10 Human male karyotype 46 chromosomes 23 pairs
11 Homologous chromosomes Paired chromosomes Both carry matching genes control same inherited characters homologous = same information diploid 2n 2n = 4 single stranded homologous chromosomes double stranded homologous chromosomes
12 How do we make sperm & eggs? Must reduce 46 chromosomes 23 must half the number of chromosomes egg meiosis sperm gametes zygote fertilization
13 Overview of meiosis 2n=4 I.P.M.A.T.P.M.A.T interphase 1 prophase 1 metaphase 1 anaphase 1 n=2 prophase 2 metaphase 2 anaphase 2 telophase 2 telophase 1
14 Double division of meiosis DNA replication Repeat I can t after hear you! me! 1st division of meiosis separates homologous pairs 2nd division of meiosis separates sister chromatids Meiosis 1 Meiosis 2
15 Preparing for meiosis 1st step of meiosis Duplication of DNA Why bother? meiosis evolved after mitosis DNA replicated in S phase of interphase of MEIOSIS (just like in mitosis) 2n = 6 single stranded M1 prophase 2n = 6 double stranded
16 Steps of meiosis Meiosis 1 interphase prophase 1 metaphase 1 anaphase 1 telophase 1 Meiosis 2 prophase 2 metaphase 2 anaphase 2 telophase 2 1st division of meiosis separates homologous pairs (2n 1n) reduction division 2nd division of meiosis separates sister chromatids (1n 1n) * just like mitosis *
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19 Trading pieces of DNA Crossing over during Prophase 1, sister chromatids intertwine homologous pairs swap pieces of chromosome prophase 1 synapsis DNA breaks & re-attaches tetrad
20 Crossing over 3 steps cross over breakage of DNA re-fusing of DNA New combinations of traits What are the advantages of sexual reproduction?
21 The value of sexual reproduction Sexual reproduction introduces genetic variation genetic recombination during meiosis independent assortment of chromosomes random alignment of homologous chromosomes in Meiosis 1 crossing over mixing of alleles across homologous chromosomes random fertilization which sperm fertilizes which egg? metaphase1
22 Meiosis 1
23 Meiosis 2
24 Mitosis vs. Meiosis
25 Mitosis vs. Meiosis Mitosis 1 division daughter cells genetically identical to parent cell produces 2 cells 2n 2n produces cells for growth & repair no crossing over Meiosis 2 divisions daughter cells genetically different from parent produces 4 cells 2n 1n produces gametes crossing over
26 Overview of meiosis 2n=4 I.P.M.A.T.P.M.A.T. interphase 1 prophase 1 metaphase 1 anaphase 1 n=2 prophase 2 metaphase 2 anaphase 2 telophase 2 telophase 1
27 Mitosis vs. Meiosis Mitosis Meiosis
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