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1 Instructions: This exam consists of 31 multiple choice questions on 8 pages, including this one. Please submit your answers on the scantron sheet provided and on this copy of the exam. This exam is closed book. Calculators are allowed. Duration: 80 minutes Provide the following information on this copy of the exam: Course code including the section (Ex. BIO3124A): Your student number: Full Name (Please print): Cellular phones, unauthorized electronic devices or course notes (unless an open-book exam) are not allowed during this exam. Phones and devices must be turned off and put away in your bag. Do not keep them in your possession, such as in your pockets. If caught with such a device or document, the following may occur: you will be asked to leave immediately the exam, academic fraud allegations will be filed which may result in you obtaining a 0 (zero) for the exam. By signing below, you acknowledge that you have ensured that you are complying with the above statement.

2 1. The average size of prokaryotic cells is: A. 10 to 15 µm B. 10 to 100 µm C. 1 to 10 µm D. 0.1 to 5 µm E. 10 to 100 nm 2. You are working in a laboratory that uses genetic engineering to insert genes into bacterial cells so that they can produce an artificial sweetner. What field of microbiology are you in? A. Immunology B. Environmental microbiology C. Genetic engineering D. Industrial microbiology E. Food microbiology 3. Organisms in the same are more closely related than are those in the same. A. Order, Phylum B. Class, Family C. Domain, Order D. Phylum, Division E. Genus, Species 4. Starting from the progenote, the root of the universal 3-Domain tree separates...? A. Prokaryotes from eukaryotes B. Eukarya from (Eubacteria and Archaea) C. Eubacteria from (Archaea and Eukarya) D. Archaea from (Eubacteria and Eukarya) E. All 3 groups 5. Which two genera are capable of producing endospores? A. Streptomyces and Shigella B. Clostridium and Bacillus C. Anthracis and Tetani D. Escherichia and Staphylococcus E. Proteobacteria and Bacteriodes 6. Koch's postulates establish: A. That spontaneous generation does not occur B. That cells are the fundamental units of life C. That viruses are filterable D. That solid media can be used to obtain pure cultures E. A cause-effect relationship between a specific microorganism and an infectious disease

3 7. What would you expect to see if you prepare a Gram stain of Citrobacter freundi? A. Red sphere-shaped cells B. Red rod-shaped cells C. Purple corkscrew-shaped cells D. Purple rod-shaped cells E. Purple sphere-shaped cells 8. Which scientist suggested that microorganisms caused infections? A. Lazzaro Spallanzani B. Joseph Lister C. Edward Jenner D. Martinus Beijerinck E. Alexander Fleming 9. Lipopolysaccharide: A. Is found in the periplasmic space B. Is found in cells that will appear purple after the Gram stain C. Is found in all bacterial cell walls D. Is found in proteobacteria E. Is found in mycoplasma 10. In a Gram-positive bacterium, how do small positively charged molecules in the external environment reach the cell membrane? A. They diffuse freely through the peptidoglycan layer B. They pass through porins C. They are transported by lipid A D. They diffuse freely through the lipid bilayer E. They are transported by endocytosis 11. Teichoic acid would typically be found in? A. In the outermost layer of Streptococcus epidermidis. B. In the outermost layer of Neisseria globiformis C. In the cell wall of Gram negative bacteria D. In the cell membrane of mycoplasma E. In the outer membrane of mycobacteria 12. A newly discovered microscopic entity is thought to be a living organism. Which of the these characteristics contradicts the hypothesis that this organism is alive? A. It has DNA B. It is made of only a single cell C. It can not obtain energy D. It has no cell wall E. It requires a host to reproduce

4 13. The membranes of members from which domains are chemically the least similar? A. Archaea and Eubacteria B. Eubacteria and Eukarya C. Protista and Archaea D. Fungi and Eukarya E. The membranes of members of all domains are chemically identical 14. Not all members of this group have a cell membrane composed of a phospholipid bilayer? A. Archaea B. Eubacteria C. Animal like protozoa D. Plant like protozoa E. Fungi 15. India ink, a black acidic stain, is applied to a drop of fluid containing bacteria. When viewed under the microscope, you see colorless round cells in a black background. Which of the following statements best describes this phenomenon? A. Positively-charged bacterial cells repel the negative charge of the India ink B. Positively-charged bacterial cells repel the positive charge of the India ink C. Negatively-charged bacterial cells repel the positive charge of the India ink D. Negatively-charged bacterial cells repel the negative charge of the India ink E. Bacterial cells are not charged and neither acidic nor basic stains will stain them 16. A pathogenic strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae has a capsule, whereas a non-pathogenic strain of Streptococcus epidermidis does not have a capsule. These bacteria belong to different. A. Biotypes B. Serotypes C. Morphotypes D. Pathotypes E. Species 17. Which of the following represents the correct binomial identification of the causative bacterial agent of syphilis? A. Borrelia sp. B. borrelia Burgdorferi C. b. burgdorferi D. Borrelia Burgdorferi E. B. Burgdorferi

5 18. Before Pasteur s contribution, a scientist did an experiment as follows: Two flasks, containing a nutrient broth, one sealed and the other not, were treated with heat and then left on the table for several days. Both flasks had microbial growth after the time period indicated. What conclusion cannot be drawn from these observations? A. Microorganisms are created by spontaneous generation B. Heat does not destroy compounds essential to spontaneous generation C. Some of the microorganisms initially present in the broth were not killed because they belonged to the genus Bacillus D. Growth was the result of microorganism in the air falling into the flask E. All of these conclusions could explain the results observed 19. Which of these characteristics is not typically associated with the bacteria shown in this image? A. Techoic acid B. A low protein content in their cell wall C. Peptidoglycan units containing diaminopimelic acid (DAP) D. Glycine bridges cross linking peptidoglycan layers E. Sensitivity to penicillin 20. A Gram stain was performed as follows on the bacteria illustrated (Bacillus megaterium): Grams iodine Crystal violet Safranin Ethanol. What color would each of the indicated structures be? A. 1) purple, 2) red, 3) colorless B. 1) red, 2) and 3) colorless C. All three would be colorless D. All three would be red E. All three would be purple 21. Cells of which of the following organisms would be the most resistant to a high osmotic pressure? A. An animal like protist B. A fungi like protist C. Escherichia coli D. Humans E. Mycoplasma pneumoniae

6 22. The schematic depicts compartments separated by a lipid bilayer. The black spheres and triangles are impermeable solutes. Among the different transport mechanisms listed, which would allow movement of the solute A B represented by the black spheres in the direction indicated until its concentration is zero in compartment A? A. b and c B. a, b and c C. c and d D. b, c and d E. Only c a) Passive diffusion c) Active transport b) Facilitated diffusion d) Group translocation 23. Consider the information presented in the previous question. Among the different types of transporters, which would allow movement of the solute represented by the black spheres in the direction indicated until its concentration is zero in compartment A? A. a and c B. c and d C. Only a D. Only c E. a, b and c a) A symporter c) A uniporter b) An antiporter d) A porin 24. Which of the following statements about bacterial cell walls is CORRECT? A. All bacteria (eubacteria and archaebacteria) would be stained by a fluorescent antibody which binds N-acetylyglucosamine (NAG) B. All eubacteria would be stained by a fluorescent antibody which binds N-acetylyglucosamine (NAG) C. Only Gram positive eubacteria would be stained by a fluorescent antibody which binds N- acetylyglucosamine (NAG) D. Only Gram negative eubacteria would be stained by a fluorescent antibody which binds N- acetylyglucosamine (NAG) E. Gram positive bacteria are more resistant to antibiotics that must enter the cell as compared to Gram negative bacteria 25. Which statement is TRUE about all eubacteria? A. They all have a cell wall B. They can all be observed with a traditional optical microscope C. All their plasma membranes are lack sterols in their phospholipid bilayer D. They can all obtain, use, and generate energy E. None of these characteristics are true about all eubacteria

7 26. Gram positive bacteria are grown in a hypertonic (1), an isotonic (2), and a hypotonic (3) medium in the presence of lysozyme. What would be the predicted effect on the cells in each medium? A. In all cases the cells would lyse B. Plasmolysis would occur in (1), nothing would happen in (2) and lysis would occur in (3) C. Lysis would occur in (1), nothing would happen in (2) and plasmolysis would occur in (3) D. Plasmolysis would occur in (1) and (3) and nothing would happen in (2) E. Plasmolysis would occur in (1), nothing would happen in (2) and the cells would be turgid in (3) 27. The movement of compound A across the lipid bilayer of a cell was examined under two different conditions. In panels I and II the cells were in a medium lacking a second compound; B. In panels III and IV the cells were in a medium containing a second compound B I II III IV Below are possible conclusions that can be drawn from these results: a. Movement of compound A occurs from the inside to the outside of the cell. b. Movement of compound A occurs from outside to the inside of the cell. c. Movement of compound A is an energy dependent process. d. Movement of compound A is an energy independent process. e. Movement of compound A occurs against a concentration gradient. f. Movement of compound A occurs with the concentration gradient. g. In the presence of compound B, movement of compound A occurs by passive diffusion. h. In the presence of compound B, movement of compound A occurs by facilitated diffusion. Choose the combination of conclusions which is the most accurate and complete. A. a, d, e, and h B. b, c, e, and g C. a, c, f, and g D. b, d, e, and h E. a, d, f, and h

8 28. Gram-positive bacteria are grown in a hypotonic medium containing an antibiotic that inhibits the activity of autolysins and penicillin. Which result (s) would be expected? A. There would be cell lysis B. There would be no growth C. Penicillin would be unable to act D. After a Gram stain these bacteria would appear Gram negative E. B and C 29. The percentage G/C of genomes from different bacteria were compared. Bacteria a was 48% G/C, bacteria b was 64 % G/C and bacteria c was 63% G/C. What can you conclude from these results? A. The percent of hybrids possible between the genomes of bacteria b and c is necessarily higher than that between bacteria a and b B. The percent of hybrids possible between the genomes of bacteria a and b is necessarily higher than that between bacteria b and c C. The percentage A/T of bacteria a would be more similar to that of bacteria b D. The percentage A/T of bacteria b would be more similar to that of bacteria c E. B and C 30. An acid-fast stain is done on a preparation containing bacteria of the genus Mycobacterium and bacteria of the genus Peudomonas. After the procedure, the preparation was also stained with methylene blue (positively charged blue stain). What color would each of these bacteria be? A. They would both be fuchsia B. They would both be blue C. Mycobacteria would be fuchsia and Pseudomonas would be blue D. Mycobacteria would be blue and Pseudomonas would be fuchsia E. Mycobacteria would be a combination of blue and fuchsia and Pseudomonas would be blue 31. Which of these associations between eukaryotic and prokaryotic structures in incorrect? A. Intermediate filaments flagelin B. The cytoskeleton cell wall C. The mitochondria the plasma membrane D. The nucleus the nuceoid E. The endoplasmic reticulum ribosomes

9 1 C 2 D 3 A 4 C 5 B 6 E 7 B 8 B 9 D 10 A 11 A 12 C 13 A 14 A 15 D 16 E 17 A 18 D 19 C 20 C 21 B 22 C 23 D 24 C 25 E 26 B 27 E 28 E 29 D 30 C 31 A

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