Enzymes and Enzyme Kinetics I. Dr. Kevin Ahern
|
|
- Judith Dean
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Enzymes and Enzyme Kinetics I Dr. Kevin Ahern
2 Enzymatic Reactions
3 Enzymatic Reactions
4 Enzymatically Catalyzed Reactions Background Substrates Bound at Active Site of the Methylene Tetrahydrofolate Reductase Enzyme
5 Enzymatically Catalyzed Reactions Background Enzyme Substrates Bound at Active Site of the Methylene Tetrahydrofolate Reductase Enzyme
6 Enzymatically Catalyzed Reactions Background Substrates Enzyme Substrate(s) Substrates Bound at Active Site of the Methylene Tetrahydrofolate Reductase Enzyme
7 Enzymatically Catalyzed Reactions Background Enzyme Substrate(s) Substrates Bound at Active Site of the Methylene Tetrahydrofolate Reductase Enzyme
8 Enzymatically Catalyzed Reactions Background Enzyme Substrate(s) Substrates Bound at Active Site of the Methylene Tetrahydrofolate Reductase Enzyme
9 Enzymatically Catalyzed Reactions Background Enzyme Substrate(s) Substrates Bound at Active Site of the Methylene Tetrahydrofolate Reductase Enzyme
10 Enzymatically Catalyzed Reactions Background Enzyme Substrate(s) Active Site Active Site Substrates Bound at Active Site of the Methylene Tetrahydrofolate Reductase Enzyme
11 Substrate Binding / Active Site Lysozyme
12 Substrate Binding / Active Site Substrate Lysozyme
13 Substrate Binding / Active Site Substrate Lysozyme Substrate Binding Site
14 Substrate Binding / Active Site Substrate Active Site Lysozyme Substrate Binding Site
15 Enzymatic Reaction
16 Enzymatic Reaction
17 Enzymatic Reaction Enzyme
18 Enzymatic Reaction Substrate A Enzyme
19 Enzymatic Reaction Substrate A Substrate B Enzyme
20 Enzymatic Reaction Substrate A Substrate B Enzyme
21 Enzymatic Reaction Substrate A Substrate B Enzyme ES Complex
22 Enzymatic Reaction Enzyme Changes Result in Reaction Between Substrates A and B
23 Enzymatic Reaction Enzyme Changes Result in Reaction Between Substrates A and B ES* Complex
24 Substrates Affect Enzymes on Binding Background A Has Become C B Has Become D Part of A Has Moved to B
25 Substrates Affect Enzymes on Binding Background A Has Become C B Has Become D Part of A Has Moved to B EP Complex
26 Substrates Affect Enzymes on Binding Background Product C Product D Released Released Enzyme Freed to Bind More Substrates
27 Substrates Affect Enzymes on Binding Background Product C Product D Released Released Enzyme Freed to Bind More Substrates E + P
28 Steps In Catalysis Background E + S <=> ES Free Enzyme & Substrates Substrate Binding Reversible <=> ES* <=> EP <=> Reaction Product Formation E + P Release of Products
29 Enzymes Mechanistics A Serine Protease
30 Enzymes Mechanistics Binding Specificity A Serine Protease
31 Enzymes Mechanistics Binding Specificity Flexibility A Serine Protease
32 Enzymes Mechanistics Binding Specificity Flexibility Electronic Environment A Serine Protease
33 Enzymes Mechanistics Binding Specificity Flexibility Electronic Environment Coenzymes A Serine Protease
34 Substrate Binding
35 Substrate Binding
36 Substrate Binding
37 Enzymes Catalysis Considerations - Models Concerted Model of Catalysis
38 Enzyme Action Free Energy of Substrate(s) Activation Energy Necessary for Uncatalyzed Reaction Overall Free Energy Change Free Energy of Product(s)
39 Enzyme Action Free Energy of Substrate(s) Activation Energy Necessary for Uncatalyzed Reaction Reaction Reverses Reaction Goes Forward Overall Free Energy Change Free Energy of Product(s)
40 Enzyme Action Activation Energy Necessary for Uncatalyzed Reaction Free Energy of Substrate(s) Activation Energy Necessary for Catalyzed Reaction No Overall Free Energy Change Free Energy of Product(s)
41 Enzyme Action Activation Energy Necessary for Uncatalyzed Reaction Free Energy of Substrate(s) Activation Energy Necessary for Catalyzed Reaction Reaction Reverses Reaction Goes Forward No Overall Free Energy Change Free Energy of Product(s)
42 Enzymatic Reactions
43 Enzymatic Reactions Enzymes lower activation energy
44 Enzymatic Reactions Enzymes lower activation energy Enzymes catalyze reversible reactions
45 Enzymatic Reactions Enzymes lower activation energy Enzymes catalyze reversible reactions Enzymes do not change overall energy
46 Enzymatic Reactions Enzymes lower activation energy Enzymes catalyze reversible reactions Enzymes do not change overall energy Enzymes do not change equilibrium concentrations
47 Enzymatic Reactions Enzymes lower activation energy Enzymes catalyze reversible reactions Enzymes do not change overall energy Enzymes do not change equilibrium concentrations Enzymes speed achieving equilibrium
48 Enzymatic Reactions
49 Enzymatic Reactions A <=> B
50 Enzymatic Reactions A <=> B At equilibrium,
51 Enzymatic Reactions A <=> B At equilibrium, [A]T0 = [A]T+5
52 Enzymatic Reactions A <=> B At equilibrium, [A]T0 = [A]T+5 Similarly,
53 Enzymatic Reactions A <=> B At equilibrium, [A]T0 = [A]T+5 Similarly, [B]T0 = [B]T+5
54 Enzymatic Reactions A <=> B At equilibrium, [A]T0 = [A]T+5 Similarly, [B]T0 = [B]T+5 At any amount of time X after equilibrium has been reached,
55 Enzymatic Reactions A <=> B At equilibrium, [A]T0 = [A]T+5 Similarly, [B]T0 = [B]T+5 At any amount of time X after equilibrium has been reached, [A]T0 = [A]T+5 = [A]TX
56 Enzymatic Reactions A <=> B At equilibrium, [A]T0 = [A]T+5 Similarly, [B]T0 = [B]T+5 At any amount of time X after equilibrium has been reached, [A]T0 = [A]T+5 = [A]TX and
57 Enzymatic Reactions A <=> B At equilibrium, [A]T0 = [A]T+5 Similarly, [B]T0 = [B]T+5 At any amount of time X after equilibrium has been reached, [A]T0 = [A]T+5 = [A]TX and [B]T0 = [B] T+5 = [B]TX
58 Enzymatic Reactions A <=> B At equilibrium, [A]T0 = [A]T+5 Similarly, [B]T0 = [B]T+5 At any amount of time X after equilibrium has been reached, [A]T0 = [A]T+5 = [A]TX and [B]T0 = [B] T+5 = [B]TX However, unless ΔG = 0, it is wrong to say
59 Enzymatic Reactions A <=> B At equilibrium, [A]T0 = [A]T+5 Similarly, [B]T0 = [B]T+5 At any amount of time X after equilibrium has been reached, [A]T0 = [A]T+5 = [A]TX and [B]T0 = [B] T+5 = [B]TX However, unless ΔG = 0, it is wrong to say [A]T0 = [B]T0
60 Substrate Binding
61 Substrate Binding Types of Reactions
62 Substrate Binding Types of Reactions Single Substrate - Single Product : A B
63 Substrate Binding Types of Reactions Single Substrate - Single Product : A B Single Substrate - Multiple Products : A B + C
64 Substrate Binding Types of Reactions Single Substrate - Single Product : A B Single Substrate - Multiple Products : A B + C Multiple Substrates - Single Products : A + B C
65 Substrate Binding Types of Reactions Single Substrate - Single Product : A B Single Substrate - Multiple Products : A B + C Multiple Substrates - Single Products : A + B C Multiple Substrates - Multiple Products : A + B C + D
66 Substrate Binding Types of Reactions Single Substrate - Single Product : A B Single Substrate - Multiple Products : A B + C Multiple Substrates - Single Products : A + B C Multiple Substrates - Multiple Products : A + B C + D Ordered
67 Substrate Binding Types of Reactions Single Substrate - Single Product : A B Single Substrate - Multiple Products : A B + C Multiple Substrates - Single Products : A + B C Multiple Substrates - Multiple Products : A + B C + D Ordered Random
68 Substrate Binding Types of Reactions Single Substrate - Single Product : A B Single Substrate - Multiple Products : A B + C Multiple Substrates - Single Products : A + B C Multiple Substrates - Multiple Products : A + B C + D Ordered Random Ping-Pong
69 Multiple Substrate Binding
70 Multiple Substrate Binding NADH + Pyruvate Lactate + NAD + Lactate Dehydrogenase
71 Multiple Substrate Binding Ordered NADH + Pyruvate Lactate + NAD + Lactate Dehydrogenase
72 Multiple Substrate Binding Ordered NADH + Pyruvate Must bind first Lactate + NAD + Lactate Dehydrogenase
73 Multiple Substrate Binding Ordered NADH + Pyruvate Creatine + ATP Must bind first Lactate + NAD + Lactate Dehydrogenase Creatine phosphate + ADP Creatine Kinase
74 Multiple Substrate Binding Ordered NADH + Pyruvate Random Creatine + ATP Must bind first Lactate + NAD + Lactate Dehydrogenase Creatine phosphate + ADP Creatine Kinase
75 Multiple Substrate Binding Ordered Random Must bind first NADH + Pyruvate Lactate + NAD + Lactate Dehydrogenase Creatine + ATP Creatine phosphate + ADP Creatine Kinase No order to binding
76 Multiple Substrate Reactions - Double Displacement
77 Multiple Substrate Reactions - Double Displacement Two things are happening
78 Multiple Substrate Reactions - Double Displacement Two things are happening
79 Multiple Substrate Reactions - Double Displacement Two things are happening
80 Enzymes Ping-Pong Catalysis
81 Enzymes Ping-Pong Catalysis Enzyme Flips Between Two States
82 Enzymes Ping-Pong Catalysis Enzyme Flips Between Two States Enzyme Flips Between Two States
83 Enzymes Kinetic Considerations E+S <=> ES <=> ES* <=> EP <=> E+P
84 Enzymes Kinetic Considerations Rate of Formation of Product of Primary Interest E+S <=> ES <=> ES* <=> EP <=> E+P
85 Enzymes Kinetic Considerations Rate of Formation of Product of Primary Interest E+S <=> ES <=> ES* <=> EP <=> E+P If We Assume in the Simple Case that ES Proceeds Directly to E+P,
86 Enzymes Kinetic Considerations Rate of Formation of Product of Primary Interest E+S <=> ES <=> ES* <=> EP <=> E+P If We Assume in the Simple Case that ES Proceeds Directly to E+P, Kƒ E + S E S E + P Kr Kcat
87 Enzymes Kinetic Considerations Rate of Formation of Product of Primary Interest E+S <=> ES <=> ES* <=> EP <=> E+P If We Assume in the Simple Case that ES Proceeds Directly to E+P, Kƒ E + S E S E + P Kr where kf, kr, and kcat refer to the rate constants for formation of ES, reversible breakdown of ES, and conversion of ES to E+P, respectively Kcat
88 Enzymes Kinetic Considerations Rate of Formation of Product of Primary Interest E+S <=> ES <=> ES* <=> EP <=> E+P If We Assume in the Simple Case that ES Proceeds Directly to E+P, Kƒ E + S E S E + P Kr where kf, kr, and kcat refer to the rate constants for formation of ES, reversible breakdown of ES, and conversion of ES to E+P, respectively Kcat
89 Metabolic Melody
90 The Way They Work (To the tune of "The Way We Were") Copyright Kevin Ahern Enzymes Mighty powerhouse peptides Cause reactions to go faster In the cell s insides Tiny substrates Bring about an induced fit Enzyme structure is affect-ed By what binds to it Can it be that it s just simple zen? How the enzymes activate If they bind effector, will they go To an R-State, T-State? Folding Gives the mechanistic might To three-d arrangement Of the active site Enzymes Have a bias they can t hide Hydrophobic side chains are Mostly found inside Recording by David Simmons & Liz Bacon Download HERE So it s the structure For celebrating Whenever there s debating The way they work The way they work
Enzymes and Enzyme Kinetics I. Dr.Nabil Bashir
Enzymes and Enzyme Kinetics I Dr.Nabil Bashir Enzymes and Enzyme Kinetics I: Outlines Enzymes - Basic Concepts and Kinetics Enzymes as Catalysts Enzyme rate enhancement / Enzyme specificity Enzyme cofactors
More informationOverview of Kinetics
Overview of Kinetics [P] t = ν = k[s] Velocity of reaction Conc. of reactant(s) Rate of reaction M/sec Rate constant sec -1, M -1 sec -1 1 st order reaction-rate depends on concentration of one reactant
More informationA. Reaction Mechanisms and Catalysis (1) proximity effect (2) acid-base catalysts (3) electrostatic (4) functional groups (5) structural flexibility
(P&S Ch 5; Fer Ch 2, 9; Palm Ch 10,11; Zub Ch 9) A. Reaction Mechanisms and Catalysis (1) proximity effect (2) acid-base catalysts (3) electrostatic (4) functional groups (5) structural flexibility B.
More informationExam 4 April 15, 2005 CHEM 3511 Print Name: KEY Signature
1) (8 pts) General Properties of Enzymes. Give four properties of enzymaticallycatalyzed reactions. The answers should indicate how enzymatic reactions differ from non-enzymatic reactions. Write four only
More informationEnzymes & Enzyme Kinetics 1 الفريق الطبي األكاديمي
Enzymes & Enzyme Kinetics 1 الفريق الطبي األكاديمي Lectuer one : Done by Shady Soghayr Corrected by Gharam Al-Khalaileh Lectuer two : Will Done by Rand Khlaifat & hanan jamal كلية الطب البشري البلقاء التطبيقية
More informationCatalysis. Instructor: Dr. Tsung-Lin Li Genomics Research Center Academia Sinica
Catalysis Instructor: Dr. Tsung-Lin Li Genomics Research Center Academia Sinica References: Biochemistry" by Donald Voet and Judith G. Voet Biochemistry" by Christopher K. Mathews, K. E. Van Hold and Kevin
More informationWhat is an enzyme? Lecture 12: Enzymes & Kinetics I Introduction to Enzymes and Kinetics. Margaret A. Daugherty Fall General Properties
Lecture 12: Enzymes & Kinetics I Introduction to Enzymes and Kinetics Margaret A. Daugherty Fall 2003 ENZYMES: Why, what, when, where, how? All but the who! What: proteins that exert kinetic control over
More informationEnzymes I. Dr. Mamoun Ahram Summer semester,
Enzymes I Dr. Mamoun Ahram Summer semester, 2017-2018 Resources Mark's Basic Medical Biochemistry Other resources NCBI Bookshelf: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=books The Medical Biochemistry
More informationBasic Concepts of Enzyme Action. Enzymes. Rate Enhancement 9/17/2015. Stryer Short Course Chapter 6
Basic Concepts of Enzyme Action Stryer Short Course Chapter 6 Enzymes Biocatalysts Active site Substrate and product Catalyzed rate Uncatalyzed rate Rate Enhancement Which is a better catalyst, carbonic
More informationChapter 8. Enzymes: basic concept and kinetics
Chapter 8 Enzymes: basic concept and kinetics Learning objectives: mechanism of enzymatic catalysis Michaelis -Menton Model Inhibition Single Molecule of Enzymatic Reaction Enzymes: catalysis chemical
More informationI. Flow of Energy in Living Things II. Laws of Thermodynamics & Free Energy III. Activation Energy IV. Enzymes V. Reaction Coupling VI.
Chapter 6 Energy & Metabolism I. Flow of Energy in Living Things II. Laws of Thermodynamics & Free Energy III. Activation Energy IV. Enzymes V. Reaction Coupling VI. Metabolism I. Flow of Energy in Living
More informationLecture Series 9 Cellular Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy
Lecture Series 9 Cellular Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy Reading Assignments Review Chapter 3 Energy, Catalysis, & Biosynthesis Read Chapter 13 How Cells obtain Energy from Food Read Chapter 14
More informationReading for today: Chapter 16 (selections from Sections A, B and C) Friday and Monday: Chapter 17 (Diffusion)
Lecture 29 Enzymes Reading for today: Chapter 6 (selections from Sections, B and C) Friday and Monday: Chapter 7 (Diffusion) 4/3/6 Today s Goals Michaelis-Menten mechanism for simple enzyme reactions:
More informationC a h p a t p e t r e r 6 E z n y z m y e m s
Chapter 6 Enzymes 1. An Introduction to Enzymes Enzymes are catalytically active biological macromolecules Enzymes are catalysts of biological systems Almost every biochemical reaction is catalyzed by
More informationApplications of Free Energy. NC State University
Chemistry 433 Lecture 15 Applications of Free Energy NC State University Thermodynamics of glycolysis Reaction kj/mol D-glucose + ATP D-glucose-6-phosphate + ADP ΔG o = -16.7 D-glucose-6-phosphate p D-fructose-6-phosphate
More informationLecture 13: Data Analysis for the V versus [S] Experiment and Interpretation of the Michaelis-Menten Parameters
Biological Chemistry Laboratory Biology 3515/Chemistry 3515 Spring 2018 Lecture 13: Data Analysis for the V versus [S] Experiment and Interpretation of the Michaelis-Menten Parameters 20 February 2018
More informationMetabolism and Enzymes
Energy Basics Metabolism and Enzymes Chapter 5 Pgs. 77 86 Chapter 8 Pgs. 142 162 Energy is the capacity to cause change, and is required to do work. Very difficult to define quantity. Two types of energy:
More informationLecture 13: Data Analysis and Interpretation of the Michaelis-Menten Parameters
Biological Chemistry Laboratory Biology 3515/Chemistry 3515 Spring 2019 Lecture 13: Data Analysis and Interpretation of the Michaelis-Menten Parameters 19 February 2019 c David P. Goldenberg University
More informationCellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy. 9.1 Catabolic pathways yield energy by oxidizing organic fuels
Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy 9.1 Catabolic pathways yield energy by oxidizing organic fuels 9.2 Glycolysis harvests chemical energy by oxidizing glucose to pyruvate 9.3 The citric acid
More informationWhat is an enzyme? Lecture 12: Enzymes & Kinetics I Introduction to Enzymes and Kinetics. Margaret A. Daugherty Fall 2004 KEY FEATURES OF ENZYMES
Lecture 12: Enzymes & Kinetics I Introduction to Enzymes and Kinetics Margaret A. Daugherty Fall 2004 What is an enzyme? General Properties Mostly proteins, but some are actually RNAs Biological catalysts
More informationLecture 15: Enzymes & Kinetics. Mechanisms ROLE OF THE TRANSITION STATE. H-O-H + Cl - H-O δ- H Cl δ- HO - + H-Cl. Margaret A. Daugherty.
Lecture 15: Enzymes & Kinetics Mechanisms Margaret A. Daugherty Fall 2004 ROLE OF THE TRANSITION STATE Consider the reaction: H-O-H + Cl - H-O δ- H Cl δ- HO - + H-Cl Reactants Transition state Products
More information4 Examples of enzymes
Catalysis 1 4 Examples of enzymes Adding water to a substrate: Serine proteases. Carbonic anhydrase. Restrictions Endonuclease. Transfer of a Phosphoryl group from ATP to a nucleotide. Nucleoside monophosphate
More informationLecture 11: Enzymes: Kinetics [PDF] Reading: Berg, Tymoczko & Stryer, Chapter 8, pp
Lecture 11: Enzymes: Kinetics [PDF] Reading: Berg, Tymoczko & Stryer, Chapter 8, pp. 216-225 Updated on: 2/4/07 at 9:00 pm Key Concepts Kinetics is the study of reaction rates. Study of enzyme kinetics
More information2. Which of the following are nucleophiles and which are electrophiles?
Life Sciences 1a ractice roblems 7 1. a) ow many intermediates are there in the reaction? b) ow many transition states are there? c) What is the fastest step in the reaction? d) Which is more stable, A
More informationBIOLOGICAL SCIENCE. Lecture Presentation by Cindy S. Malone, PhD, California State University Northridge. FIFTH EDITION Freeman Quillin Allison
BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE FIFTH EDITION Freeman Quillin Allison 8 Lecture Presentation by Cindy S. Malone, PhD, California State University Northridge Roadmap 8 In this chapter you will learn how Enzymes use
More informationPrevious Class. Today. Reasons for analyzing pre-steady state conditions Methods for pre-steady state measurements
Previous Class Reasons for analyzing pre-steady state conditions Methods for pre-steady state measurements Today Practical Methods for Kinetics and Equilibria Spectrophotometry Radioactive Procedures Spectrofluorimetry
More informationEnzymes and kinetics. Eva Samcová and Petr Tůma
Enzymes and kinetics Eva Samcová and Petr Tůma Termodynamics and kinetics Equilibrium state ΔG 0 = -RT lnk eq ΔG < 0 products predominate ΔG > 0 reactants predominate Rate of a chemical reaction Potential
More informationAnalyze the roles of enzymes in biochemical reactions
ENZYMES and METABOLISM Elements: Cell Biology (Enzymes) Estimated Time: 6 7 hours By the end of this course, students will have an understanding of the role of enzymes in biochemical reactions. Vocabulary
More informationIt s the amino acids!
Catalytic Mechanisms HOW do enzymes do their job? Reducing activation energy sure, but HOW does an enzyme catalysis reduce the energy barrier ΔG? Remember: The rate of a chemical reaction of substrate
More information4. What is the general expression Keq (the equilibrium constant) in terms of product and reactant concentration? tell us about the enzyme.
Section 8 Enzyme Kinetics Pre-Activity Assignment 1. Produce a reading log for the sections in your text that discuss the Michaelis-Menten equation and including kcat. 2. Focus on the derivation of the
More informationEnergy Metabolism exergonic reaction endergonic reaction Energy of activation
Metabolism Energy Living things require energy to grow and reproduce Most energy used originates from the sun Plants capture 2% of solar energy Some captured energy is lost as metabolic heat All energy
More informationProteins Act As Catalysts
Proteins Act As Catalysts Properties of Enzymes Catalyst - speeds up attainment of reaction equilibrium Enzymatic reactions -10 3 to 10 17 faster than the corresponding uncatalyzed reactions Substrates
More informationCh 4: Cellular Metabolism, Part 1
Developed by John Gallagher, MS, DVM Ch 4: Cellular Metabolism, Part 1 Energy as it relates to Biology Energy for synthesis and movement Energy transformation Enzymes and how they speed reactions Metabolism
More informationLearning Outcomes. k 1
Module 1DHS - Data Handling Skills Unit: Applied Maths Lecturer: Dr. Simon Hubbard (H13), Email: Simon.Hubbard@umist.ac.uk Title: Equilibria & Michaelis-Menten This lecture and problem class will introduce
More informationPETER PAZMANY CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY Consortium members SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY, DIALOG CAMPUS PUBLISHER
PETER PAZMANY SEMMELWEIS CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY Development of Complex Curricula for Molecular Bionics and Infobionics Programs within a consortial* framework** Consortium leader PETER PAZMANY
More informationCellular Energy: Respiration. Goals: Anaerobic respiration
Cellular Energy: Respiration Anaerobic respiration Goals: Define and describe the 3 sets of chemical reactions that comprise aerobic cellular respiration Describe the types of anaerobic respiration Compare
More informationENZYMES. by: Dr. Hadi Mozafari
ENZYMES by: Dr. Hadi Mozafari 1 Specifications Often are Polymers Have a protein structures Enzymes are the biochemical reactions Katalyzers Enzymes are Simple & Complex compounds 2 Enzymatic Reactions
More information2013 W. H. Freeman and Company. 6 Enzymes
2013 W. H. Freeman and Company 6 Enzymes CHAPTER 6 Enzymes Key topics about enzyme function: Physiological significance of enzymes Origin of catalytic power of enzymes Chemical mechanisms of catalysis
More informationBiochemical Pathways
Biochemical Pathways Living organisms can be divided into two large groups according to the chemical form in which they obtain carbon from the environment. Autotrophs can use carbon dioxide from the atmosphere
More informationChapter 6: Outline-2. Chapter 6: Outline Properties of Enzymes. Introduction. Activation Energy, E act. Activation Energy-2
Chapter 6: Outline- Properties of Enzymes Classification of Enzymes Enzyme inetics Michaelis-Menten inetics Lineweaver-Burke Plots Enzyme Inhibition Catalysis Catalytic Mechanisms Cofactors Chapter 6:
More informationElectron Transport Chain (Respiratory Chain) - exercise - Vladimíra Kvasnicová
Electron Transport Chain (Respiratory Chain) - exercise - Vladimíra Kvasnicová Respiratory chain (RCH) a) is found in all cells b) is located in a mitochondrion c) includes enzymes integrated in the inner
More informationChapter 5. Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell
Chapter 5 Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell Including some materials from lectures by Gregory Ahearn University of North Florida Ammended by John Crocker Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.. Review
More informationBiologic catalysts 1. Shared properties with chemical catalysts a. Enzymes are neither consumed nor produced during the course of a reaction. b.
Enzyme definition Enzymes are protein catalysts that increase the velocity of a chemical reaction and are not consumed during the reaction they catalyze. [Note: Some types of RNA can act like enzymes,
More informationENZYME SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING PROF. SUBHASH CHAND DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY IIT DELHI LECTURE 3
ENZYME SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING PROF. SUBHASH CHAND DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY IIT DELHI LECTURE 3 ENZYMES AS BIOCATALYSTS * CATALYTIC EFFICIENCY *SPECIFICITY Having discussed
More informationC a h p a t p e t r e r 6 E z n y z m y e m s
Chapter 6 Enzymes 4. Examples of enzymatic reactions acid-base catalysis: give and take protons covalent catalysis: a transient covalent bond is formed between the enzyme and the substrate metal ion catalysis:
More informationBiochemistry 3100 Sample Problems Binding proteins, Kinetics & Catalysis
(1) Draw an approximate denaturation curve for a typical blood protein (eg myoglobin) as a function of ph. (2) Myoglobin is a simple, single subunit binding protein that has an oxygen storage function
More informationf) Adding an enzyme does not change the Gibbs free energy. It only increases the rate of the reaction by lowering the activation energy.
Problem Set 2-Answer Key BILD1 SP16 1) How does an enzyme catalyze a chemical reaction? Define the terms and substrate and active site. An enzyme lowers the energy of activation so the reaction proceeds
More informationOutline. Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes. Forms of Energy. Chapter 6
Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes Chapter 6 Forms of Energy Outline Laws of Thermodynamics Metabolic Reactions ATP Metabolic Pathways Energy of Activation Enzymes Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration 1 2 Forms
More informationMetabolism. Fermentation vs. Respiration. End products of fermentations are waste products and not fully.
Outline: Metabolism Part I: Fermentations Part II: Respiration Part III: Metabolic Diversity Learning objectives are: Learn about respiratory metabolism, ATP generation by respiration linked (oxidative)
More informationIntroduction and. Properties of Enzymes
Unit-III Enzymes Contents 1. Introduction and Properties of enzymes 2. Nomenclature and Classification 3. Mechanism of enzyme-catalyzed reactions 4. Kinetics of enzyme-catalyzed reactions 5. Inhibition
More informationObjectives INTRODUCTION TO METABOLISM. Metabolism. Catabolic Pathways. Anabolic Pathways 3/6/2011. How to Read a Chemical Equation
Objectives INTRODUCTION TO METABOLISM. Chapter 8 Metabolism, Energy, and Life Explain the role of catabolic and anabolic pathways in cell metabolism Distinguish between kinetic and potential energy Distinguish
More information2054, Chap. 8, page 1
2054, Chap. 8, page 1 I. Metabolism: Energetics, Enzymes, and Regulation (Chapter 8) A. Energetics and work 1. overview a. energy = ability to do work (1) chemical, transport, mechanical (2) ultimate source
More informationBiochemistry 462a - Enzyme Kinetics Reading - Chapter 8 Practice problems - Chapter 8: (not yet assigned); Enzymes extra problems
Biochemistry 462a - Enzyme Kinetics Reading - Chapter 8 Practice problems - Chapter 8: (not yet assigned); Enzymes extra problems Introduction Enzymes are Biological Catalysis A catalyst is a substance
More informationPathways that Harvest and Store Chemical Energy
6 Pathways that Harvest and Store Chemical Energy Energy is stored in chemical bonds and can be released and transformed by metabolic pathways. Chemical energy available to do work is termed free energy
More informationCHAPTER 1: ENZYME KINETICS AND APPLICATIONS
CHAPTER 1: ENZYME KINETICS AND APPLICATIONS EM 1 2012/13 ERT 317 BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING Course details Credit hours/units : 4 Contact hours : 3 hr (L), 3 hr (P) and 1 hr (T) per week Evaluations Final
More informationIntroduction to Enzymes
Introduction to Enzymes Lysozyme active site Chapter 8 Part 1 HIV-1 Protease with bound Inhibitor Dr. Ray How Enzymes Function What structural features allow an enzyme to have its unique biochemical function?
More informationBiochemistry Enzyme kinetics
1 Description of Module Subject Name Paper Name Module Name/Title Enzyme Kinetics Dr. Vijaya Khader Dr. MC Varadaraj 2 1. Objectives 2. Enzymes as biological catalyst 3. Enzyme Catalysis 4. Understanding
More informationC. Incorrect! Catalysts themselves are not altered or consumed during the reaction.
Human Physiology - Problem Drill 04: Enzymes and Energy Question No. 1 of 10 Instructions: (1) Read the problem and answer choices carefully, (2) Work the problems on paper as needed, (3) Pick the answer,
More informationChapter 15: Enyzmatic Catalysis
Chapter 15: Enyzmatic Catalysis Voet & Voet: Pages 496-508 Slide 1 Catalytic Mechanisms Catalysis is a process that increases the rate at which a reaction approaches equilibrium Rate enhancement depends
More informationUnit 3: Cell Energy Guided Notes
Enzymes Unit 3: Cell Energy Guided Notes 1 We get energy from the food we eat by breaking apart the chemical bonds where food is stored. energy is in the bonds, energy is the energy we use to do things.
More informationChapter 5 Ground Rules of Metabolism Sections 1-5
Chapter 5 Ground Rules of Metabolism Sections 1-5 5.1 A Toast to Alcohol Dehydrogenase In the liver, the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase breaks down toxic ethanol to acetaldehyde, an organic molecule even
More information2. The study of is the study of behavior (capture, storage, usage) of energy in living systems.
Cell Metabolism 1. Each of the significant properties of a cell, its growth, reproduction, and responsiveness to its environment requires. 2. The study of is the study of behavior (capture, storage, usage)
More informationCHEM 3653 Exam # 1 (03/07/13)
1. Using phylogeny all living organisms can be divided into the following domains: A. Bacteria, Eukarya, and Vertebrate B. Archaea and Eukarya C. Bacteria, Eukarya, and Archaea D. Eukarya and Bacteria
More informationEnzymes. Dr.Anupam Porwal Assistant Professor Dept. Of Biotechnology
1 Enzymes Dr.Anupam Porwal Assistant Professor Dept. Of Biotechnology 2 What Are Enzymes? Most enzymes are Proteins (tertiary and quaternary structures) except for a class of RNA modifying catalysts known
More informationChapter 6: Energy and Metabolism
Chapter 6: Energy and Metabolism Student: 1. Oxidation and reduction reactions are chemical processes that result in a gain or loss in A) atoms. B) neutrons. C) electrons. D) molecules. E) protons. 2.
More informationChemistry Problem Set #9 Due on Thursday 11/15/18 in class.
Chemistry 391 - Problem Set #9 Due on Thursday 11/15/18 in class. Name 1. There is a real enzyme called cocaine esterase that is produced in bacteria that live at the base of the coca plant. The enzyme
More informationChapter 8: Energy and Metabolism
Chapter 8: Energy and Metabolism Why do organisms need energy? How do organisms manage their energy needs? Defining terms and issues: energy and thermodynamics metabolic reactions and energy transfers
More informationChapter 8 Metabolism: Energy, Enzymes, and Regulation
Chapter 8 Metabolism: Energy, Enzymes, and Regulation Energy: Capacity to do work or cause a particular change. Thus, all physical and chemical processes are the result of the application or movement of
More informationEnzyme Catalysis & Biotechnology
L28-1 Enzyme Catalysis & Biotechnology Bovine Pancreatic RNase A Biochemistry, Life, and all that L28-2 A brief word about biochemistry traditionally, chemical engineers used organic and inorganic chemistry
More informationPart II => PROTEINS and ENZYMES. 2.5 Enzyme Properties 2.5a Enzyme Nomenclature 2.5b Transition State Theory
Part II => PROTEINS and ENZYMES 2.5 Enzyme Properties 2.5a Enzyme Nomenclature 2.5b Transition State Theory Section 2.5a: Enzyme Nomenclature Synopsis 2.5a - Enzymes are biological catalysts they are almost
More informationAcid/Base catalysis Covalent catalysis Metal ion catalysis Electrostatic catalysis Proximity and orientation Preferential binding of the transition
Enzyme catalysis Factors that contribute to catalytic power of enzymes Acid/Base catalysis Covalent catalysis Metal ion catalysis Electrostatic catalysis Proximity and orientation Preferential binding
More informationEnergy in Chemical and Biochemical Reactions
Energy in Chemical and Biochemical Reactions Reaction Progress Diagram for Exothermic Reaction Reactants activated complex Products ENERGY A + B Reactants E a C + D Products Δ rxn Reaction coordinate The
More informationEnergy and Cellular Metabolism
1 Chapter 4 About This Chapter Energy and Cellular Metabolism 2 Energy in biological systems Chemical reactions Enzymes Metabolism Figure 4.1 Energy transfer in the environment Table 4.1 Properties of
More informationChapter 14. Enzyme Kinetics
Chapter 4. Enzyme inetics Chemical kinetics Elementary reactions A P (Oerall stoichiometry) (ntermediates) Rate equations aa bb zz P Rate k[a] a [B] b [Z] z k: rate constant The order of the reaction (ab
More informationJudith Herzfeld 1997,1999. These exercises are provided here for classroom and study use only. All other uses are copyright protected.
Judith Herzfeld 1997,1999 These exercises are provided here for classroom and study use only. All other uses are copyright protected. 5.5-010 Which of the following statements is not valid concerning a
More informationChapter 5 Metabolism: Energy & Enzymes
Energy Energy is the capacity to do work Kinetic energy Energy of motion Potential energy Stored energy What do you use for energy? Where do you think the energy is stored these molecules? The BONDS! Every
More informationAn Introduction to Metabolism
An Introduction to Metabolism Chapter 8 Objectives Distinguish between the following pairs of terms: catabolic and anabolic pathways; kinetic and potential energy; open and closed systems; exergonic and
More informationBCMB 3100 Chapters 6,7,8 Enzyme Basics. Six Classes (IUBMB) Kinetics Michaelis-Menten Equation Vo, Km, Vmax, Kcat Lineweaver-Burk Plot
BCMB 3100 Chapters 6,7,8 Enzyme Basics Six Classes (IUBMB) Kinetics Enzymes are biological macromolecules that increase the rate of the reaction. Six major groups of enzymes (pgs. 94-95/98-99) Oxidoreductases:
More informationMetabolism: Energy and Enzymes. February 24 th, 2012
Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes February 24 th, 2012 1 Outline Forms of Energy Laws of Thermodynamics Metabolic Reactions ATP Metabolic Pathways Energy of Activation Enzymes Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration
More information2 4 Chemical Reactions and Enzymes
2 4 Chemical Reactions and Enzymes THINK ABOUT IT Living things are made up of chemical compounds, but chemistry isn t just what life is made of chemistry is also what life does. Everything that happens
More informationChapter 6 Active Reading Guide An Introduction to Metabolism
Name: AP Biology Mr. Croft Section 1 1. Define metabolism. Chapter 6 Active Reading Guide An Introduction to Metabolism 2. There are two types of reactions in metabolic pathways: anabolic and catabolic.
More informationEnzyme function: the transition state. Enzymes & Kinetics V: Mechanisms. Catalytic Reactions. Margaret A. Daugherty A B. Lecture 16: Fall 2003
Lecture 16: Enzymes & Kinetics V: Mechanisms Margaret A. Daugherty Fall 2003 Enzyme function: the transition state Catalytic Reactions A B Catalysts (e.g. enzymes) act by lowering the transition state
More informationCatalytic Reactions. Intermediate State in Catalysis. Lecture 16: Catalyzed reaction. Uncatalyzed reaction. Enzymes & Kinetics V: Mechanisms
Enzyme function: the transition state Catalytic Reactions Lecture 16: Enzymes & Kinetics V: Mechanisms Margaret A. Daugherty Fall 2003 A B Catalysts (e.g. enzymes) act by lowering the transition state
More informationBiology Kevin Dees. Chapter 8 Introduction to Metabolism
Chapter 8 Introduction to Metabolism Defined as the sum total of the chemical reactions that occur in a living thing. Think of metabolism as a road map of thousands of different chemical reactions regulate
More informationPrinciples of Enzyme Catalysis Arthur L. Haas, Ph.D. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Principles of Enzyme Catalysis Arthur L. Haas, Ph.D. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Review: Garrett and Grisham, Enzyme Specificity and Regulation (Chapt. 13) and Mechanisms of Enzyme
More informationAffinity labels for studying enzyme active sites. Irreversible Enzyme Inhibition. Inhibition of serine protease with DFP
Irreversible Enzyme Inhibition Irreversible inhibitors form stable covalent bonds with the enzyme (e.g. alkylation or acylation of an active site side chain) There are many naturally-occurring and synthetic
More informationEnzymes: Basic Principles
Enzymes: Basic Principles BIO161 Basic Biochemistry Dr John Puddefoot J.R.Puddefoot@qmul.ac.uk Objectives: To introduce the basic concepts and definitions of enzymology You should be able to able to define
More informationLecture # 3, 4 Selecting a Catalyst (Non-Kinetic Parameters), Review of Enzyme Kinetics, Selectivity, ph and Temperature Effects
1.492 - Integrated Chemical Engineering (ICE Topics: Biocatalysis MIT Chemical Engineering Department Instructor: Professor Kristala Prather Fall 24 Lecture # 3, 4 Selecting a Catalyst (Non-Kinetic Parameters,
More informationBCMB 3100 Chapters 6,7,8 Enzyme Basics. Six Classes (IUBMB) Kinetics Michaelis-Menten Equation Vo, Km, Vmax, Kcat Lineweaver-Burk Plot
BCMB 3100 Chapters 6,7,8 Enzyme Basics Six Classes (IUBMB) Kinetics Michaelis-Menten Equation Vo, Km, Vmax, Kcat Lineweaver-Burk Plot Enzymes are biological macromolecules that increase the rate of the
More informationBCMB 3100 Chapters 6,7,8 Enzyme Basics. Six Classes (IUBMB) Kinetics Michaelis-Menten Equation Vo, Km, Vmax, Kcat Lineweaver-Burk Plot
BCMB 3100 Chapters 6,7,8 Enzyme Basics Six Classes (IUBMB) Kinetics Michaelis-Menten Equation Vo, Km, Vmax, Kcat Lineweaver-Burk Plot Enzymes are biological macromolecules that increase the rate of the
More informationBiochemistry 3300 Problems (and Solutions) Metabolism I
(1) Provide a reasonable systematic name for an enzyme that catalyzes the following reaction: fructose + ATP > fructose-1 phosphate + ADP (2) The IUBMB has a developed a set of rules for classifying enzymes
More informationElectrochemistry & Redox. Voltaic Cells. Electrochemical Cells
Electrochemistry & Redox An oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction involves the transfer of electrons from the reducing agent to the oxidising agent. OXIDATION - is the LOSS of electrons REDUCTION - is the
More informationFlow of Energy. Flow of Energy. Energy and Metabolism. Chapter 6
Energy and Metabolism Chapter 6 Flow of Energy Energy: the capacity to do work -kinetic energy: the energy of motion -potential energy: stored energy Energy can take many forms: mechanical electric current
More informationReaction Thermodynamics
Reaction Thermodynamics Thermodynamics reflects the degree to which a reaction is favored or disfavored Recall: G = Gibbs free energy = the energy available to do work ΔG = change in G of the system as
More informationBIOCHEMISTRY. František Vácha. JKU, Linz.
BIOCHEMISTRY František Vácha http://www.prf.jcu.cz/~vacha/ JKU, Linz Recommended reading: D.L. Nelson, M.M. Cox Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry D.J. Voet, J.G. Voet, C.W. Pratt Principles of Biochemistry
More informationCatalytic power of enzymes
Enzyme catalysis Catalytic power of enzymes Enzymatic reactions are involved in most biological processes. There is a major practical and fundamental interest in finding out what makes enzymes so efficient
More informationChapter 8 Introduction to Metabolism. Metabolism. The sum total of the chemical reactions that occur in a living thing.
Chapter 8 Introduction to Metabolism Metabolism The sum total of the chemical reactions that occur in a living thing. Think of metabolism as a road map of thousands of different chemical reactions Enzymes
More information3. Based on how energy is stored in the molecules, explain why ΔG is independent of the path of the reaction.
B. Thermodynamics 1. What is "free energy"? 2. Where is this energy stored? We say that ΔG is a thermodynamic property, meaning that it is independent of the way that the conversion of reactants to products
More informationAP Biology. Metabolism & Enzymes
Metabolism & Enzymes From food webs to the life of a cell energy energy energy Flow of energy through life: Life is built on chemical reactions transforming energy from one form to another organic molecules
More informationChapter 2 Energy in Biology Demand and Use
Chapter 2 Energy in Biology Demand and Use A coupled energy source is a prerequisite of sustained dynamics in thermodynamically open systems. Abstract From the point of view of energy management in biological
More information