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1 1 of 8 12/12/11 12:00 PM Teacher: Ms. Desilva Name: Which is the most specific term used to classify humans? A. sapiens C. Homo B. Animal D. Chordate 2. In screech owls, red feathers are dominant over gray feathers. If two heterozygous red-feathered owls are mated, what percentage of their offspring would be expected to have red feathers? A. 25% C. 75% B. 50% D. 100% 3. In humans, normal color vision (N) is dominant over color blindness (n). A man and woman with normal color vision produced two colorblind sons and two daughters with normal vision. Choose from the diagram the correct parental genotypes. A. X N Y and X N X N B. X N Y and X N X n C. X n Y and X N X N D. X n Y and X n X n 4. An inorganic molecule required by green plants for the process of photosynthesis is A. oxygen C. carbon dioxide B. starch D. glucose Asexual reproduction of diploid organisms normally results in new organisms that contain cells with A. more chromosomes than are found in the cells of the parent B. the n number of chromosomes C. the 2n number of chromosomes D. fewer chromosomes that are found in the cells of the parent 6. In chickens, rose comb (R) is dominant over single comb (r). When a heterozygous rose-combed rooster is mated with several single-combed hens, what is the expected phenotypic ratio of the offspring? A. 100% rose-combed B. 100% single-combed C. 75% rose-combed and 25% single-combed D. 50% rose-combed and 50% single-combed 7. Which is a true statement about people with the genotype I A, I B for blood type? A. They have two alleles that are codominant. B. They exhibit a type O phenotype. C. They are homozygous for blood type A. D. They can have only type O children. 8. Evolution refers to change over a long period of time in A. a fossil C. a rock B. a population D. an embryo

2 2 of 8 12/12/11 12:00 PM 9. If an organism reproduces asexually, its offspring will most likely be A. genetically different from each other B. produced from specialized cells known as gametes C. genetically identical to the parent D. produced as a result of fertilization 10. When roan cattle are crossed, 25% of the offspring produced will have white coats, 50% will have roan coats, and 25% will have red coats. These results illustrate A. polyploidy C. codominance B. crossing-over D. sex linkage In humans, which cell is produced most directly by mitotic cell division? A. a sperm cell C. an egg cell B. a skin cell D. a zygote 13. The principles of dominance, segregation, and independent assortment resulted from studies by Mendel of the inheritance of traits in A. four-o clock flowers B. roan cattle C. fruit flies D. pea plants 14. All the interacting populations in a given area represent an ecological unit known as a A. biosphere C. world biome B. community D. saprophytic relationship Figure 1 The diagram represents human gametes. Which statement best describes the fertilized egg that would result if this sperm cell and egg cell unite? A. It would contain 44 autosomes and develop into a male. B. It would contain 44 autosomes and develop into a female. C. It would contain 46 sex chromosomes and develop into a female. D. It would contain 46 sex chromosomes and develop into a male. 15. Plants store carbohydrates in the form of A. amino acids C. starch B. fatty acids D. nucleic acids 16. Normal mitotic cell division results in each daughter cell having A. half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell B. the same number and kinds of chromosomes as the parent cell C. the same number but different kinds of chromosomes as the parent cell D. twice the number of chromosomes as the parent cell

3 3 of 8 12/12/11 12:00 PM 17. In poultry, feathered shank (F) is dominant over clean shank ( f ). If the hen s genotype is represented by ff and the rooster s genotype is Ff, what percentage of their offspring would be expected to have feathered shanks? A. 0% C. 75% B. 50% D. 100% 18. What life function of plants can best be studied through the observation of the size and number of cells in longitudinal sections of onion root tips? A. excretion C. transport B. transpiration D. growth 19. In a certain species of salamander, the gene for red-spotted skin (R) is dominant over the gene for brown-spotted skin (r). A homozygous red-spotted salamander was crossed with a brownspotted salamander, and all offspring were heterozygous red-spotted. Based on the genotype of the offspring, the genotypes of the parent generation most probably are 21. A diploid cell of a normal human male contains A. 22 autosomes and two Y-chromosomes B. 22 pairs of autosomes and two Y-chromosomes C. 22 pairs of autosomes, one X-chromosome, and one Y-chromosome D. 22 autosomes and two X-chromosomes 22. Acer saccharum is the scientific name for the sugar maple tree. Acer is the name of the tree's A. genus C. species B. phylum D. kingdom 23. Which organism is classified as a heterotroph? A. mushroom C. geranium B. maple tree D. moss A. RR and Rr B. Rr and rr C. RR and rr D. Rr and Rr Which substance is needed for aerobic cellular respiration to occur? A. oxygen C. nitrogen B. carbon dioxide D. methane Which statement concerning the concept of sex linkage in humans is correct? A. Hemophilia and color blindness are examples of recessive sex-linked traits B. The gene involved in most sex-linked traits are located on the Y-chromosome. C. The sex-linked traits are observed more frequently in females than in males. D. Sex linkage was first explained by James Watson as a result of his work with DNA. 25. Which gas is excreted as a waste product of autotrophic nutrition in maple trees? A. nitrogen C. carbon dioxide B. oxygen D. methane

4 4 of 8 12/12/11 12:00 PM The embryos of fish, chickens, and pigs have gill slits and a tail. The presence of these features suggests that A. all these animals can swim B. pigs developed from chickens C. these animals may have had a common ancestor D. gill slits and tails are required for embryotic development 27. A moss-covered log is overturned by a hungry bear looking for insects to eat. The bear disturbs an ant colony, and some chipmunks leave the hollow log to search for another home in the forest. Which relationship do these organisms have with each other? A. They are all of the same species. B. They all require the same type of food. C. They are part of a community. D. They are abiotic factors in a forest. 28. During a race, the body temperature of a runner increases. The runner responds by perspiring, which lowers body temperature. This process is an example of A. maintainence of homeostasis B. an anitgen-antibody reaction C. an acquired characteristic D. environmental factors affecting phenotype Figure 2 The diagram shows the same type of molecules in area A and area B. With the passage of time, some molecules move from area A to area B. This movement is the result of the process of A. phagocytosis C. diffusion B. pinocytosis D. cyclosis 30. In squirrels, the gene for gray fur (G) is dominant over the gene for black fur (g). If 50% of a large litter of squirrels are gray, the parental cross that produced this litter was most likely A. GG Gg B. GG GG C. Gg gg D. gg gg 31. Figure 3 Which process is illustrated in the diagram? A. crossing-over C. sex determination B. nondisjunction D. independent assortment

5 5 of 8 12/12/11 12:00 PM 32. All of Earth s water, land, and atmosphere within which life exists is known as A. a population C. a biome B. a community D. the biosphere 33. When an individual goes without eating for a day, his or her blood sugar level remains about the same throughout the day. This relatively constant condition is maintained by A. homeostatic control C. reproduction B. egestion D. growth of cells 36. A colony of red bacteria is allowed to reproduce for 16 generations. A scientist examines the colony at the end of this time and notes that all the individuals are almost identical in all characteristics. This evidence suggests that the bacteria A. did not receive the proper nutrients B. reproduced sexually C. exchanged genetic material D. reproduced asexually In minks, the gene for brown fur (B) is dominant over the gene for silver fur (b). Which set of genotypes represents a cross that could produce offspring with silver fur from parents that both have brown fur? A. Bb Bb B. BB bb C. BB Bb D. Bb bb 35. Figure 5 The table shows the type of food consumed by various animals in a community. Which animals in the community would be classified as herbivores? A. snakes C. spiders B. hawks D. grasshoppers 38. The process of active transport requires the most direct use of A. carbon dioxide C. ATP B. amino acids D. glucose 39. Figure 4 The changes in foot structure in a bird population over many generations are shown in the diagram. These changes can best be explained by the concept of A. evolution B. extinction C. stable gene frequencies D. use and disuse Which sequence shows a correct pathway for the flow of energy in a food chain? A. bacteria grass fox owl B. grass grasshopper frog snake C. fungi beetle algae mouse D. algae snake duck deer

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7 Figure 6 Base your answer on the diagram and on your knowledge of biology. Which term best describes the mosquito larvae? A. producer C. carnivore B. parasite D. consumer 41. Before the Industrial Revolution, a light-colored variety of peppered moth was well camouflaged among light-colored lichens that grew on the bark of trees around London. A dark-colored variety of the peppered moth probably existed but was rarely observed because it was so easily seen by birds and eaten. When industry was introduced in London, soot killed the pollution-sensitive lichens, exposing dark tree bark. As a result, the dark-colored variety of the moth became the better camouflaged of the two moth varieties. Figure 7 Base your answer to the question on the passage and on your knowledge of biology. In this situation, what is the relationship between the birds and the moths? A. producer-consumer C. parasite-host B. predator-prey D. autotroph-heterotroph Figure 8 The diagram shows a food pyramid representing relationships in pond community. The energy of the Sun is made available to the pond community through the activities of the organisms at level A. A C. C B. B D. D 43. Which phrases best identify characteristics of asexual reproduction? A. one parent, union of gametes, offspring similar to but not genetically identical to the parent B. one parent, no union of gametes, offspring genetically identical to parents C. two parents, union of gametes, offspring similar to but not genetically identical to parents D. two parents, no union of gametes, offspring genetically identical to parents 44. Organisms that obtain and ingest organic molecules for their nutrition are classified as A. autotrophs C. algae B. producers D. heterotrophs 7 of 8 12/12/11 12:00 PM

8 of 8 12/12/11 12:00 PM 45. 48. Figure 9 The diagrams represent a cell process. If the cell in Diagram 1 contains 4 chromosomes, what is the total number of chromosomes in each cell in Diagram 3? A.

8 8 of 8 12/12/11 12:00 PM Figure 9 The diagrams represent a cell process. If the cell in Diagram 1 contains 4 chromosomes, what is the total number of chromosomes in each cell in Diagram 3? A. 8 C. 16 B. 2 D All the red foxes inhabiting a given forest constitute a A. population C. biome B. community D. biosphere 47. Humans breathe more rapidly during exercise than before it because during exercise the blood contains A. an increased level of oxygen B. a decreased number of red blood cells C. an increased level of carbon dioxide D. a decreased amount of hemoglobin Figure 10 Which term best describes the interaction between the physical and living factors shown in the diagram? A. a biosphere C. a community B. an ecosystem D. a biome 49. Which area of biology compares and attempts to explain the structural changes that have taken place in living things over millions of years, as well as those changes occurring today? A. classification C. physiology B. reproduction D. evolution 50. Organisms are grouped into a five-kingdom classification system based on their structure and A. evolutionary relationships B. habitat C. food preferences D. social behavior

below was exposed to light for several hours.

below was exposed to light for several hours. Which process provides the initial energy to support all the levels in the energy pyramid shown below? D C (1) circulation (3) active transport (2) photosynthesis (4) digestion The green diagram aquatic