2017 DECEMBER BIOLOGY SEMESTER EXAM DISTRICT REVIEW

Transcription

1 Name: Period: 2017 DECEMBER BIOLOGY SEMESTER EXAM DISTRICT REVIEW 1. List the characteristics of living things. (p 7) 2. Use the Aquatic Food Web above to answer the following questions (Ch. 2) a. Which organism would have the most energy available? b. In an energy pyramid, which organisms would be placed at the top? c. In an energy pyramid, which organism would be placed at the bottom? d. Name two consumers: e. Name one producer: 3. Describe the following types of symbiosis. Give an example of each. (p 39-40) Symbiotic Relationship Description Example Commensalism Mutualism Parasitism 1

2 4. Describe each of the levels biological organization (pg. 36) a. Organism: b. Population: c. Community: d. Ecosystem: e. Biosphere: 5. An ocean food chain is shown in the diagram above. Which organism represents the trophic level containing approximately 1% of the initial amount of solar energy acquired by the phytoplankton? (pg.44) 6. In the food web above what would happen if all the sand eels are removed from the water? 7. Distinguish between abiotic and biotic factors. (p 35) 8. Circle all the biotic factors: Water---Minerals----Grass---Sunlight---Algae---Fish 9. Put the following stages of secondary succession in the correct order.(pg ) 2

3 10. List the ecological succession below in the correct order. Order r Description Sea lyme grass, sea rockets, oyster plants, and other vascular plants and shrubs appear. The lava and sand have few nutrients and are barren. Dwarf willow trees colonize the island. Mosses, lichens, and plants that are adapted to dispersal by the sea or the wind and that grow in sand appear. 11. What normally appears on bare rocks during primary succession? 12. If there is a reduction in the number of organisms that feed on algae in an aquatic ecosystem, what eventually will happen to the algae?(ch2) 13. Explain how trees AND a lack of trees affect the carbon cycle. (p 47) 14. Circle all the organisms that would contain cells with tough structure. Cat, Dog, Tree, Human, Flower, Fish 15. Define Homeostasis. (pg. 10) 16. As an organism grows and become larger, how can you best explain what is happening to the cells as the organism gets bigger? 3

4 17. Below are the functions and structures of the 4 Biomolecules (Macromolecules). Fill in the missing blanks (p ) Macromolecule Function Structure Monomer Carbohydrate Lipid Membrane Component (provides insulation) Protein Body growth, Repair, Reactions Nucleotide 18. Enzymes are made of which Biomolecule? What suffix is used to identify an enzyme? 19. What is osmosis and describe which direction the water will moved if placed in a hypotonic, hypertonic and isotonic solution (p ) Also, describe how will the cell react. 4

5 20. Complete the table the major cell organelles and their functions. (p 199) Cell wall Cell Structure Function Cell Types (Animal, Plant or Both) Chloroplast Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Lysosome Mitochondrion Nucleus Plasma Membrane Ribosome 21. Describe the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and sketch a diagram of each. Label the cell membrane, ribosome, and DNA in each cell. (p ) 22. Why do cells have specialized functions? 23. What is produced in chloroplasts that the mitochondria use to make cellular energy? (Ch. 8) 24. Explain the synthesis of macromolecules from their monomers. (p ) 5

6 25. The diagram shown in question 26 represents the stages of what cellular process? 26. List the stages in the correct order. (p ) 27. Give an example of what could happen if there is a disruption of the cell cycle. (p ) 28. What is meiosis and what is the result of meiosis? (p ) 29. What makes your DNA the same as all other organisms and what makes it different? (Ch. 12) 30. A farmer s crop of corn has been selectively bred to produce more ears per stalk and more kernels per ear. What would cause the next generation of corn to receive these same traits? A. better fertilizer B. more sunshine C. information in the corn s chromosomes D. minerals in the water 31. Hawaiian happy face spiders from the island of Maui can have different markings. A single gene determines the markings on the spiders. The pattern allele, P, is dominant to the plain allele, p. A plain spider (homozygous recessive) is crossed with a patterned spider (homozygous dominant). What percentage of the offspring are expected to be patterned instead of plain? (Hint: Draw a Punnett Square) 32. If several pea plants with the genotype TTYy are crossed with pea plants with the genotype Ttyy, what percentage of the offspring will be expected to have the TtYy allele combination? (Draw a Punnett Square) 6

7 33. What process is represented in the diagram above? 34. What molecule is being produced? 35. Describe transcription and translation including where they occur. (p ) 36. The sequence of DNA nucleotides determines which are synthesized. 37. A scientist inserts a gene for red pigment from a butterfly into the DNA of a yellow butterfly. If the red color is expressed, the scientist knows that which of the following occurred? A. the gene mutated in the cells B. the gene destroyed the original cells C. the gene was transcribed and translated D. the gene killed the yellow butterfly 38. Describe mutations and their possible outcomes. (p. 346) 39. How are mutations passed on to offspring? (p. 349) 40. A model of a DNA molecule is shown to the right. The arrow indicates A the bond between adjacent phosphate and deoxyribose molecules B the junction of introns and exons in the sense strand of DNA C the hydrogen bond between complementary nucleotides D the junction of a codon and a DNA triplet 7

8 41. What is chromosome painting? What is it used for? (see notes) 42. Which of the following polypeptides is coded for by the mrna sequence listed below? A. Val, Lys, Phe, Ser, Glu B. Met, Asp, Phe, Ala, Arg C. Met, Val, Lys, Asp, Glu, Ser D. Thr, Glu, Lys, Asp, Gly, Leu 43. The picture above shows 2 individuals Karyotypes. Circle which of the following information you can determine by examining this karyotype? Gender, phenotype, genome, extra chromosome, missing chromosome, genotype 44. Explain how invasive/introduced species can alter an ecosystem. (p 128) 8