Current status of Saissetia oleae biological control in Sardinia (Italy)
|
|
- Edwin Todd
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Integrated Protection of Olive Crops IOBC/wprs Bulletin Vol. 59, 21 pp Current status of Saissetia oleae biological control in Sardinia (Italy) Gavino Delrio, Cipriano Foxi Dipartimento di Protezione delle Piante, Università di Sassari, Via E. De Nicola, 71 Sassari Abstract: During 1993 and 28 the parasitoid complex of black scale, Saissetia oleae (Oliv.), was studied in olive groves of Sardinia after the encyrtids Metaphycus helvolus (Comp.) and M. lounsburyi (How.) were introduced in the period The parasitism rate on nymphs was 6.7% in 1981, before the introduction of the two encyrtids, and 8.% and 5.3% in 1993 and 28, whereas the parasitism rate on females was 21.%, 23.7% and 7.7%, respectively. The pteromalids S. caerulea (Fonsc.) and Moranila californica (How.) were the dominant parasitoid species in 1981, whereas the introduced M. helvolus and M. lounsburyi were the most abundant species in M. helvolus and M. lounsburyi, introduced for the first time 3 years ago, are well established and provide biological control of black scale in combination with other natural enemies. Key words: Saissetia oleae, parasitoids, biological control, Sardinia Introduction The black scale, Saissetia oleae (Oliv.), is the most widespread and frequent scale insect on Mediterranean olive trees. Its abundant honeydew favours the development of sooty mould fungi, that can reduce photosynthesis and respiration in the leaves which drop prematurely. Under heavy infestations, olive production may even be annihilated for a number of years (Katsoyannos, 1992) Saissetia populations often exhibit considerable abundance fluctuation within the same year and between different years because of biotic and abiotic factors, such as the action of natural enemies, the use of pesticides, and harsh environmental conditions such as extreme temperatures. Until the 198s, the complex of entomophagous species active on S. oleae in Sardinia was comprised mostly of predators, the coccinellids Exochomus quadripustulatus (L.), Chilocorus bipustulatus (L.) and Lindorus lophantae (Blaisd.) and the lacewing Chrysoperla carnea (Steph.) and some parasitoids, such as the aphelinid Coccophagus lycimnia (Walk.) on 2 nd and 3 rd instar scales and the pteromalid Scutellista caerulea (Fonsc.) on ovipositing black scales (Delrio, 1983). The most important additions to the parasite complex of S. oleae were the encyrtid Metaphycus hageni Daane & Caltagirone (previously reported as M. lounsburyi (How.), Guerrieri & Noyes, 2) that attacks mainly 3 rd instar and young females and the pteromalid Moranila californica (How.) that develops as an egg-predator. These parasitoids spread to many sites in Sardinia (mostly along the coastal zones) (Delrio, 1983) after their accidental introduction in the Mediterranean basin around the 197s (Viggiani, 1978). In two other parasitoids, the encyrtids Metaphycus helvolus (Comp.) and M. lounsburyi (How.) (= M. bartletti Ann. et Mynh.) were introduced on purpose in Sardinia to increase the biological control of the black scale. M. helvolus is a solitary endoparasitoid of 171
2 172 several soft scale species that attacks 2 nd and early 3 rd instar black scale nymphs. This parasitoid, that originated in South Africa, has been mass reared since 1937 in California and was introduced in Greece in 1962 (Argyriou & DeBach, 1968). M. lounsburyi, introduced in Israel from South Africa during (Argov & Rossler, 1993), is a gregarious endoparasitoid that develops on 3 rd instar nymphs, non-ovipositing and ovipositing females. The purpose of this report is to present an account on the current status of the black scale biological control in Sardinia after the introduction of the two latter parasitoid species. Material and methods M. helvolus and M. lounsburyi were imported to Sardinia from the Institute of Subtropical Plants and Olive Tree of Chania (Greece) and the Station de Zoologie et de Lutte Biologique of Antibes (France). Parasitoid colonies were maintained in the laboratory of the University of Sassari, on black scale reared on 2- to 3-yr old oleander bushes. From 1981 to 1982, about 25 M. helvolus adults and about 23 M. lounsburyi adults were released in infested olive groves in northwestern Sardinia (Sorso, Sassari province). Releases were performed mostly when the proper black scale host stages were most frequent. Black scale phenology, parasitoid incidence and flight period of parasitoids were studied in the same olive groves where the releases were made. To determine the age structure of black scale, one hundred 2cm long twigs were collected each week during 1981 from 5 olive trees. The total number of olive scales were counted in laboratory using a stereomicroscope and categorized as one of the three immature stages or as pre-ovipositing or ovipositing female. The incidence of parasitoid complex on black scale was studied during 1981, before M. helvolus and M. lounsburyi introduction, and after their releases in 1993 and 28 sampling infested twigs with leaves at irregular time intervals. Leaves and twig pieces with black scale nymphs or females were placed in different ventilated transparent plastic cages in laboratory at 25 degrees for one month and the emerging adult parasitoids were counted and identified. The flight period of parasitoids was determined from April to October 1993 counting under a stereomicroscope the number of adult parasitoids captured by 1 yellow sticky traps that were hung at a height of 2 m on the canopy of olive trees and replaced weekly. Results and discussion On olive trees in northwestern Sardinia the black scale has one generation per year and a partial second generation. Overwintering is ensured mainly by 2 nd and 3 rd instar nymphs whereas the egg laying period is concentrated in May-June and the crawler emergence peaks in July. A partial second generation occurs in autumn, but apparently it is not important to the overall population density (Figure 1). During our study in 1981, before the releases of M. helvolus and M. lounsburyi, 612 parasitoid adults were obtained from 6,318 sampled scales (Table 1). The rate of parasitism on 2 nd and 3 rd instars was 6.7% mainly due to C. lycimnia while M. flavus was rare. The ovipositing black scale females were parasitized by S. caerulea and M. californica at a total percentage of 21.%.
3 Ovipositing females 1 5 Immature females Developmental stages of S. oleae Percentage nd instar 3rd instar st instar J F M N D Figure 1. Relative abundance of Saissetia oleae developmental stages on olive trees in North Sardinia (Sorso, Sassari province, 1981). During 1993, 1 years after the introduction of the two parasitoid species, a total of 1,713 parasitoid adults emerged from 5,89 scales (Table 1). The percentage of parasitism observed was 8.% on 2 nd and 3 rd instar nymphs and 23.78% on females. The main parasitoids on nymphs were the introduced encyrtids M. helvolus and M. lounsburyi, whereas the activity of the native C. lycimnia and M. flavus was very low. From immature and ovipositing black scale females we mostly obtained M. lounsburyi and M. hageni that predominated on S. caerulea. No adults of M. californica emerged from ovipositing black scale females in 1993, in spite of their abundance in In 28, 267 parasitoid adults were recorded from 2,956 black scales sampled. The estimated rate of parasitism was 5.3% and 7.7% on nymphs and females, respectively. The parasitoid species recovered were the same detected in The most abundant parasitoid was S. caerulea followed by M. lounsburyi and M. hageni.
4 174
5 175 The adult parasitoids captured at the yellow traps confirmed the seasonal trend observed in the emergence cages (Figure 2). C. lycimnia was captured in the olive grove from April to October with a peak in May, when the maximum density of 3 rd instar black scale was recorded. M. helvolus showed three peaks in May, July and September. Adults of M. lounsburyi, that develop mainly on young females, were captured from May to September with a peak in August. The oophagous pteromalid S. caerulea was present from July to October and the captures of adults showed 3 peaks, probably corresponding to 3 generations on ovipositing black scale females. 2 Coccophagus lycimnia Metaphycus lounsburyi Metaphycus helvolus Scutellista caerulea Figure 2. Seasonal abundance of the main parasitoids of Saissetia oleae captured by yellow traps in North Sardinia (Sorso, Sassari province, 1993). M. helvolus and M. lounsburyi, introduced for the first time 3 years ago, are well established and provide biological control of black scale in combination with other natural enemies. M. lounsburyi may be considered the most important and widespread black scale parasitoid in Sardinia. Despite the establishment of a fair complex of parasitoids, the black scale remains an occasional pest on olive groves in northwestern Sardinia. The different parasitoid activity observed over the years could be related to the influence of climatic factors that affect parasitoid survival or effectiveness, to the side effects of insecticidal treatments against the olive fruit fly or to an inadequate host synchronization in some years. References Argov, Y., Rossler, Y. 1993: Biological control of the Mediterranean black scale, Saissetia oleae (Hom.: Coccidae) in Israel.- Entomophaga 38(81): Argyriou, L. C., DeBach, P. 1968: The establishment of Metaphycus helvolus (Compere) (Hym. Encyrtidae) on Saissetia oleae (Bern.) (Hom. Coccidae) in olive groves in Greece. Entomophaga 13(3):
6 176 Delrio, G. 1983: The entomophagous insects of Saissetia oleae (Oliv.) in Sardinia. In: Proceedings of the E. C. Experts Meeting Entomophages and biological methods in integrated control in olive orchards, Chania, Greece, March 1982: Guerrieri, E., Noyes, J. S. 2: Revision of European species of genus Metaphycus Mercet (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Encyrtidae), parasitoids of scale insects (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Systematic Entomology 25: Katsoyannos, P. 1992: Olive Pests and their Control in the Near East. FAO Plant Production and Protection, Paper 115. Mazzone, P. & Viggiani, G. 1983: Stato attuale dei parassitoidi di Saissetia oleae (Oliv.) in Italia, con notizie biologiche preliminari sui Prococcophagus varius Silv. e P. saissetiae Ann. e Myn. (Aphelinidae) di recente introduzione. Atti XIII Congr. Naz. It. Ent., Sestriere-Torino: Viggiani, G. 1978: Acclimatato in Italia Metaphycus helvolus (Compere), parassita di Saissetia oleae (Oliv.) e di altre dannose cocciniglie. Boll. Lab. Ent. Agr. Portici 35: Viggiani G., Mazzone, P. 198: Metaphycus bartletti Annecke & Mynhardt (1972), (Hym. Encyrtidae) parassiti di Saissetia oleae (Oliv.). Boll. Lab. Ent. Agr. Portici 34:
Parasitoid complex of black scale Saissetia oleae on citrus and olives: parasitoid species composition and seasonal trend
BioControl (28) 53:473 487 DOI 1.17/s1526-7-984-2 Parasitoid complex of black scale Saissetia oleae on citrus and olives: parasitoid species composition and seasonal trend Alejandro Tena Æ Antonia Soto
More informationPhenological and ecological aspects of Protopulvinaria pyriformis (Cockerell) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) in Greece
DOI 1.17/s134-8-216-y ORIGINAL PAPER Phenological and ecological aspects of Protopulvinaria pyriformis (Cockerell) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) in Greece George J. Stathas Æ Panagiotis A. Eliopoulos Æ George
More informationEntomologica, Bari, 33, (1999): 179-184 ABD-RABOU, S.; HANAFI, A.; HUSSEIN, N. Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki-Giza, Egypt NOTES ON THE PARASITOIDS OF THE SOFT
More informationDipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Feo di Vito, Sez. di Entomologia Agraria e Forestale, I Reggio Calabria
Alessandra De Grazia 1 and Rita Marullo 1 1 Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Feo di Vito, Sez. di Entomologia Agraria e Forestale, I-89060 Reggio Calabria Author for
More informationEcological Data on Predators of Parlatoria pergandii on Sour Orange Trees in Southern Greece
G.J. Stathas (2001) Phytoparasitica 29(3):xxx-xxx Ecological Data on Predators of Parlatoria pergandii on Sour Orange Trees in Southern Greece George J. Stathas The present study was carried out in southern
More informationA survey of scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) occurring on olives in Tunisia
J. Ent. Acar. Res. Ser. II, 43 (3): 315-322 30 December 2011 R. MANSOUR, R. MKAOUAR, K. GRISSA LEBDI, P. SUMA, A. RUSSO A survey of scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) occurring on olives in Tunisia Abstract
More informationScale Insects. Hemiptera: Many families
Scale Insects Hemiptera: Many families Soft Scales Armored Scales Some Important Armored (Hard) Scales in Colorado Oystershell scale Pine needle scale Scurfy scale Walnut scale San Jose scale Poplar scale
More informationApostolos Kapranas, Jocelyn G. Millar, and Robert F. Luck Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside CA 92521, U.S.A.
CHEMICAL CUES MEDIATING HOST RECOGNITION BY TWO METAPHYCUS SP. PARASITOIDS OF BROWN SOFT SCALE: INITIAL EXTRACTION, BIOASSAY, AND ROLE IN HOST SELECTION BEHAVIOR Apostolos Kapranas, Jocelyn G. Millar,
More informationWhat is insect forecasting, and why do it
Insect Forecasting Programs: Objectives, and How to Properly Interpret the Data John Gavloski, Extension Entomologist, Manitoba Agriculture, Food and Rural Initiatives Carman, MB R0G 0J0 Email: jgavloski@gov.mb.ca
More informationPEST AND DISEASE MANAGEMENT
PEST AND DISEASE MANAGEMENT Arthropod Pests The examples of arthropod pests shown here are aphids, spider mites, whiteflies, mealybugs, corn earworm, and tomato hornworm. Aphids Aphids are small, soft-bodied
More informationTHE BIOLOGY OF PHENACOCCUS AZALEAE KUWANA, A PEST OF BUNGE PRICKLY ASH (ZANTHOXYLUM BUNGEANUM MAXIM) FOREST IN NORTHERN CHINA.
Entomologica, Bari, 33, (1999): 377-382 XIE YINGPING 1 ; ZHAO JINLONG 2 ; GUO YONGPING 2 ; LI YUNFENG 2 ; ZHANG HAIJUN 2 ; GUO YUQING 2 1 Department of Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
More informationSeasonal synchrony between Saissetia oleae and coccinellid species in Portuguese olive groves in different management systems
Bulletin of Insectology 63 (1): 51-57, 21 ISSN 1721-8861 Seasonal synchrony between Saissetia oleae and coccinellid species in Portuguese olive groves in different management systems Sónia A. P. SANTOS
More informationHIPPE, C.; FREY, J.E. Swiss Federal Research Station for Fruit-Growing, Viticulture and Horticulture, CH-8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland
Entomologica, Bari, 33, (1999): 305-309 HIPPE, C.; FREY, J.E. Swiss Federal Research Station for Fruit-Growing, Viticulture and Horticulture, CH-8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland BIOLOGY OF THE HORSE CHESTNUT
More informationScale Insects. Order: Hemiptera. Families: Diaspididae (armored scales), Coccidae (soft scales), Eriococcidae (Felt scales), others
Scale Insects Order: Hemiptera Families: Diaspididae (armored scales), Coccidae (soft scales), Eriococcidae (Felt scales), others Scale Insect Basics Scale insects feed on plant fluids using piercing-sucking
More informationACCURACY OF MODELS FOR PREDICTING PHENOLOGY OF BLACKHEADED FIREWORM AND IMPLICATIONS FOR IMPROVED PEST MANAGEMENT
ACCURACY OF MODELS FOR PREDICTING PHENOLOGY OF BLACKHEADED FIREWORM AND IMPLICATIONS FOR IMPROVED PEST MANAGEMENT Stephen D. Cockfield and Daniel L. Mahr Department of Entomology University of Wisconsin-Madison
More informationThe flight of the Cameraria ohridella population in the city of Timisoara, Romania
The flight of the Cameraria ohridella population in the city of Timisoara, Romania Fora C.G. 1*, Lauer K.F. 2, Fora Alina 1, Damianov Snejana 3, Moatăr Mihaela 1 1 Faculty of Horticulture and Forestry
More informationCHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Systematics, the language of biology is the study of the kinds and diversity of organisms and of any and all relationships among them (Simpson, 1961).The knowledge on biosystematics
More informationParasitoid shows potential for biocontrol of eugenia psyllid
Parasitoid shows potential for biocontrol of eugenia psyllid Donald L. Dahlsten R Donald M. Kent o David L. Rowney William A. Copper o Terri E. Young o Richard L. Tassan The eugenia psyllid has become
More informationLecture 8 Insect ecology and balance of life
Lecture 8 Insect ecology and balance of life Ecology: The term ecology is derived from the Greek term oikos meaning house combined with logy meaning the science of or the study of. Thus literally ecology
More informationAgapanthus Gall Midge update (Hayley Jones, Andrew Salisbury, Ian Waghorn & Gerard Clover) all images RHS
Agapanthus Gall Midge update 20.10.2015 (Hayley Jones, Andrew Salisbury, Ian Waghorn & Gerard Clover) all images RHS Background The agapanthus gall midge is an undescribed pest affecting Agapanthus that
More informationMeteorological Information for Locust Monitoring and Control. Robert Stefanski. Agricultural Meteorology Division World Meteorological Organization
Meteorological Information for Locust Monitoring and Control Robert Stefanski Agricultural Meteorology Division World Meteorological Organization Objectives of Workshop Presentation Meteorological requirements
More informationWhite flies and their natural enemies. Moshe cohen Bio-bee Sde Eliyahu Ltd. October 2015
White flies and their natural enemies Moshe cohen Bio-bee Sde Eliyahu Ltd. October 2015 White flies and their natural enemies: Two species of whiteflies. Attack flowers and vegetables crops: 1.Bemisia
More informationJournal of American Science 2014;10(12s)
Journal of American Science 014;10(1s) http://www.jofamericanscience.org Impact of certain climatic factors on population of Chrysomphalus aonidum L. infesting Dracena Shrubs under green house conditions
More informationGrowth and Development of Ooencyrtus sp.
Available online http://www.ijat-aatsea.com ISSN 1686-9141 Growth and Development of Ooencyrtus sp. Danarun S. and S. Bumroongsook * Department of Plant Production Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology,
More informationTree and Shrub Insects
Aphids Aphids are small soft-bodied insects that suck plant juices. High aphid populations can cause leaves to yellow, curl, or drop early. The most bothersome aspect of aphids is the honeydew they produce.
More informationMETAPHYCUS SPECIES NEAR FLAVUS RESPONSES TO SEMIOCHEMICALS RELEASED FROM A SCALE HOST, COCCUS HESPERIDUM
METAPHYCUS SPECIES NEAR FLAVUS RESPONSES TO SEMIOCHEMICALS RELEASED FROM A SCALE HOST, COCCUS HESPERIDUM P. Lo Bue, 1,2 L. D. Forster, 2* J. G. Millar, 2 S. Colazza 1, and R. F. Luck 2 1 University of
More informationUnderstanding the Tools Used for Codling Moth Management: Models
Understanding the Tools Used for Codling Moth Management: Models Vince Jones and Mike Doerr Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center Washington State University Wenatchee, WA Overview Why bother? How and
More informationSeasonal Variation in a Hymenopterous Parasitoid, Holcotetrastichus rhosaces
Advances in Entomology, 2014, 2, 176-179 Published Online October 2014 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/ae http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ae.2014.24026 Seasonal Variation in a Hymenopterous Parasitoid,
More information1. Introduction to scales 1. The Hemiptera (True bugs) 2. How bugs got their name 3. Difference between Heteroptera and Homoptera 4.
1. Introduction to scales 1. The Hemiptera (True bugs) 2. How bugs got their name 3. Difference between Heteroptera and Homoptera 4. Major scale families 5. Parts of a scale 6. Scale life cycles 2. Biology
More informationPERFORMANCE OF NATURAL ENEMIES REARED ON ARTIFICIAL DIETS J.E. Carpenter 1 and S. Bloem 2 1
Performance of natural enemies reared on artificial diets 143 PERFORMANCE OF NATURAL ENEMIES REARED ON ARTIFICIAL DIETS J.E. Carpenter 1 and S. Bloem 2 1 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research
More informationWhitney Cranshaw Colorado State University
Natural and Biological Controls of Shade Tree Insect Pests Whitney Cranshaw Colorado State University Natural Controls Natural Enemies Abiotic (Weather) Controls Topographic Limitations Temperature Extremes
More informationMEXICAN BROMELIAD WEEVIL REPORT 12 JANUARY 2013
1 MEXICAN BROMELIAD WEEVIL REPORT 12 JANUARY 2013 Ronald D. Cave 1, Teresa M. Cooper 1, and J. Howard Frank 2 1 Indian River Research & Education Center, UF, Ft. Pierce, FL 2 Entomology & Nematology Department,
More informationRelative Performance of Different Colour Laden Sticky Traps on the Attraction of Sucking Pests in Pomegranate
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number (2017) pp. 2997-3004 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.6.350
More informationGeneral comments about aphid biological control
General comments about aphid biological control Aphid advantages: Rapid colonization (winged forms) followed by rapid reproduction (wingless forms) The aphid s best defense is its reproductive rate Results
More informationCHEMICALS IN HOST PARASITOID AND PREY PREDATOR RELATIONS
CHEMICALS IN HOST PARASITOID AND PREY PREDATOR RELATIONS Lozano C. Estacion Experimental del Zaidin, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain Keywords: semiochemicals, pesticides,
More informationRice is one of the most important food
Relative Composition of Egg Parasitoids of Rice Yellow Stem Borer, Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) N. Rama Gopala Varma*, R. Jagadeeshwar and Chitra Shanker Rice Section, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural
More informationMORPH forecast for carrot flies
MORPH forecast for carrot flies Purpose: to measure and collect temperature data for the carrot fly forecast model in MORPH and investigate the possibilities to use MORPH in Denmark to forecast optimal
More informationSwarming Biology of Honey Bees
Swarming Biology of Honey Bees Jeff Harris Extension/Research Apiculturist Department Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology & Plant Pathology Mississippi State University, MS 39762 Reproductive Swarms
More informationSurvey of Scale Insects Found on Imported Avocado and Dispersal of Scale Insects from Fruit to Host Plants
2011 Final Report California Avocado Commission Pest and Diseases Survey of Scale Insects Found on Imported Avocado and Dispersal of Scale Insects from Fruit to Host Plants Richard Stouthamer and Joseph
More informationA bagworm is very lovely
A bagworm is very lovely ミノムシ いとあはれなり Dr. Ryo ARAKAWAA Entomological Lab. Kochi Univ. Bagworm (Minomushi) Eumeta variegata (=E. japonica) Bagworm Larva of psychid moth (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) World: 1,700
More informationResearch Article. Purti 1 *, Rinku 1 and Anuradha 2
Research Article Correlation between the Incidence of Coriander Aphids (Hyadaphis Coriandri), Their Natural Enemies (Coccinellids) and Abiotic Factors of the Environment Purti 1 *, Rinku 1 and Anuradha
More informationIMPORTANCE OF NATURAL ENEMIES FOR STINK BUG CONTROL. Introduction
IMPORTANCE OF NATURAL ENEMIES FOR STINK BUG CONTROL John R. Ruberson 1, Dawn M. Olson 2, Melissa D. Thompson 2, Russell J. Ottens 1, Michael D. Toews 1, Stan Jones 3 and William A. Mills 4 1 Department
More informationGarlic Mustard Biocontrol An Update. Jeanie Katovich, Esther Gerber, Hariet Hinz, Luke Skinner, David Ragsdale and Roger Becker
Garlic Mustard Biocontrol An Update Jeanie Katovich, Esther Gerber, Hariet Hinz, Luke Skinner, David Ragsdale and Roger Becker Ceutorhynchus scrobicollis McCornack C. scrobicollis Life Cycle Summer Adult
More informationManaging stink bugs through cultural practices
Managing stink bugs through cultural practices Rachael Long, Farm Advisor, UC Cooperative Extension Yolo, Solano, Sacramento Counties, http://ceyolo.ucanr.edu Common stink bugs: Southern green (Africa
More informationWest and East Africa The 2014 Rainfall Season
West and East Africa The 2014 Rainfall Season Highlights SAHEL The pronounced dryness that dominated the earlier stages of the season was alleviated by good rains in August. In September, rainfall was
More informationMun. Ent. Zool. Vol. 6, No. 1, January 2011
176 PARASITISM OF PIERIS BRASSICAE (L.) (LEP.: PIERIDAE) ON CABBAGE FARMS IN COMPARISON WITH WILD HOSTS AND STUDY ON USE OF PTEROMALUS PUPARUM (L.) (HYM. PTEROMALIDAE), AS A BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENT VERSUS
More informationNATURAL ENEMIES OF THRIPS ON AVOCADO
South African Avocado Growers Association Yearbook 1993. 16:105-106 NATURAL ENEMIES OF THRIPS ON AVOCADO W.P. STEYN, W.J. DU TOIT AND MARINDA S. DE BEER Institute for Tropical and Subtropical Crops, Private
More informationInterspecific competition between Diadegma semiclausum and Oomyzus sokolowskii, parasitoids of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella
Interspecific competition between Diadegma semiclausum and Oomyzus sokolowskii, parasitoids of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella Zu-hua Shi, Qin-bao Li, Xin Li and Shu-sheng Liu Institute of Applied
More informationSharpshooter & Whiteflies: What s New in Ornamental Research
Sharpshooter & Whiteflies: What s New in Ornamental Research Rick Redak and Erich Schoeller Department of Entomology University of California, Riverside Study System: Giant Whitefly (Aleurodicus dugesii)
More informationLIFE TABLES OF LEPIDOSAPHES ULMI
Entomologica, Bari, 33, (1999): 317-322 ÖZGÖKÇE, M.S. 1 ; YASAR, B. 1 ; KARACA, I. 2 1 Department of Plant Protection, University of Yuzuncuyil, 65080 Van, Turkey. 2Department of Plant Protection, University
More informationHoney Bees QUB Green Champions 9 th April
Honey Bees QUB Green Champions 9 th April 2014 http://www.qub.ac.uk/staff/area/bees/ http://belfastbees.wordpress.com/ Contents The Beekeeping Year Inside the hive Outside the hive Swarming Discussion
More informationDetermination of suitable host plant for rearing of Coccus hesperidum (Homoptera:Coccidae)
Entomologica Fennica. 25 August 2010 Determination of suitable host plant for rearing of Coccus hesperidum (Homoptera:Coccidae) Hamaseh Aliakbarpour, Md. Rawi Che Salmah & Latif Salehi Aliakbarpour, H.,
More informationHoney Bees. QUB CCRCB 11 th January
Honey Bees QUB CCRCB 11 th January 2018 http://www.qub.ac.uk/staff/area/bees/ http://belfastbees.wordpress.com/ http://belfastbees.wordpress.com/ Contents The Beekeeping Year Inside the hive Outside the
More informationInvestigating San Jose scale in northwest Michigan sweet cherries
Investigating San Jose scale in northwest Michigan sweet cherries E. A. Pochubay and N. L. Rothwell Michigan State University Extension, AgBioResearch January 13-14, 2015 Northwest Michigan Orchard and
More informationDectes Stem Borer: A Summertime Pest of Soybeans
Dectes Stem Borer: A Summertime Pest of Soybeans Veronica Johnson* and Cerruti R 2 Hooks $ University of Maryland Dept. of Entomology * Graduate student and $ Associate professor and Extension Specialist
More informationGrape Root Borer Summer 2005
Grape Root Borer Summer 2005 Oscar E. Liburd & Craig Roubos Entomology and Nematology Dept. University of Florida Grape Root Borer Vitacea polistiformis (Harris) Scott Weihman, University of Florida Grape
More informationDr. Oscar E. Liburd. Professor of Fruit & Vegetable Entomology
Dr. Oscar E. Liburd Professor of Fruit & Vegetable Entomology http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/liburd/fruitnvegipm/teaching.htm Lecture 2: Biological Control Biological control is defined as any activity of one
More informationBiology Principles of Ecology Oct. 20 and 27, 2011 Natural Selection on Gall Flies of Goldenrod. Introduction
1 Biology 317 - Principles of Ecology Oct. 20 and 27, 2011 Natural Selection on Gall Flies of Goldenrod Introduction The determination of how natural selection acts in contemporary populations constitutes
More informationCorresponding author: EUROPEAN ACADEMIC RESEARCH Vol. II, Issue 7/ October Impact Factor: 3.1 (UIF) DRJI Value: 5.
EUROPEAN ACADEMIC RESEARCH Vol. II, Issue 7/ October 2014 ISSN 2286-4822 www.euacademic.org Impact Factor: 3.1 (UIF) DRJI Value: 5.9 (B+) Study of the Predatory Potential of Australian Ladybird Beetle
More informationPlanting Date Influence on the Wheat Stem Sawfly (Hymenoptera: Cephidae) in Spring Wheat 1
Planting Date Influence on the Wheat Stem Sawfly (Hymenoptera: Cephidae) in Spring Wheat 1 Wendell L. Morrill and Gregory D. Kushnak 2 Department of Entomology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
More informationDynamics of Mango Hopper Population under Ultra High Density Planting
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 11 (2017) pp. 2206-2211 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.611.261
More informationWest and East Africa The 2014 Rainfall Season
West and East Africa The 2014 Rainfall Season HIGHLIGHTS SAHEL The pronounced dryness that dominated the earlier stages of the season until July was alleviated by good August rainfall. In September, rainfall
More informationBIOLOGY AND LIFE-CYCLE OF LEAFMINER Napomyza (Phytomyza) gymnostoma Loew., A NEW PEST OF Allium PLANTS IN ROMANIA
South Western Journal of Vol.2, No.1, 2011 Horticulture, Biology and Environment P-Issn: 2067-9874, E-Issn: 2068-7958 pp.57-64 BIOLOGY AND LIFE-CYCLE OF LEAFMINER Napomyza (Phytomyza) gymnostoma Loew.,
More informationIdentity of parasitoids and their potential for biocontrol of oilseed rape pests in Europe
EPPO Workshop on integrated management of insect pests in oilseed rape, Berlin 2017-09-20/22 Identity of parasitoids and their potential for biocontrol of oilseed rape pests in Europe B. Ulber, University
More informationPERENNATION IN CUSCUTA REFLEXA ROXB.
[474] PERENNATION IN CUSCUTA REFLEXA ROXB. BY L. NARAYANA RAO Central College, University of Mysore, Bangalore (With I figure in the text) INTRODUCTION uscuta is a common parasite in several parts of India.
More informationHistory INVASIVE INSECTS THREATENING YOUR BACKYARD: BROWN MARMORATED STINK BUG & VIBURNUM LEAF BEETLE. Identification. Common Look-A-Likes 1/12/2015
History INVASIVE INSECTS THREATENING YOUR BACKYARD: BROWN MARMORATED STINK BUG & VIBURNUM LEAF BEETLE Native to Asia First discovered in Pennsylvania, 1998 David R. Lance, USDA APHIS PPQ Adults emerge
More informationAvocado Thrips Subproject 2: Pesticide Evaluations and Phenology in the Field
1999 California Avocado Research Symposium pages 27-35 California Avocado Society and University of California, Riverside Avocado Thrips Subproject 2: Pesticide Evaluations and Phenology in the Field Phil
More informationPopulation dynamics of chiku moth, Nephopteryx eugraphella (Ragonot) in relation to weather parameters
2017; 5(4): 1040-1044 E-SSN: 2320-7078 P-SSN: 2349-6800 JEZS 2017; 5(4): 1040-1044 2017 JEZS Received: 12-05-2017 Accepted: 13-06-2017 HK Chaudhary RK Thumar MB Zala CC Patel Correspondence HK Chaudhary
More informationInvasive Species Test. 30 Stations 90 seconds each -or- 15 stations (2/seat) 3 minutes each
Invasive Species Test 30 Stations 90 seconds each -or- 15 stations (2/seat) 3 minutes each Station 1 A. The insect transmits Huanglongbing killing the plant upon which it feeds. How was this species introduced
More information6 2 Insects and plants
6 2 Insects and plants Insect DIY 1. Find plant habitat 2. Find plant 3. Accept plant 4. Eat survive, reproduce Plant characteristics Shape structure Mechanical defenses trichomes Chemical defenses sap,
More informationInfluence of Meteorological Factors on Population Build-Up of Aphids and Natural Enemies on Summer Okra
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 3 (2017) pp. 2527-2537 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.603.286
More informationResearch Article INTRODUCTION
Journal of Biological Control, 30(4): 210-216, 2016, DOI: 10.18311/jbc/2016/15473 Research Article Influence of temperature on the biology of Aenasius arizonensis (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a
More informationPassion Fruit Pests and Their Control
Passion Fruit Pests and Their Control T. Nishida F. H. Haramoto Circular 63 Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station University of Hawaii December 1964 CONTENTS PAGE Purpose of the circular... 3 Passion
More informationThe Influence of Weather on the Survival and Population Fluctuations of Trioza erytreae (Del Guercio)-A Vector of Greening
PROCEEDINGS of the IOCV The Influence of Weather on the Survival and Population Fluctuations of Trioza erytreae (Del Guercio)-A Vector of Greening H. D. CATLING and G. C. GREEN THIS PAPER, which summarizes
More informationBionomics of the Pear Bud Mite Eriophyes pyri (Pagenstecher) (Acari: Eriophyidae) in Egypt
ACARINES, 7:31-36, 2013 Bionomics of the Pear Bud Mite Eriophyes pyri (Pagenstecher) (Acari: Eriophyidae) in Egypt B. A. Abou-Awad * ; S. I. Afia * and M. M. Al-Azzazy ** * Plant Protection Dept., National
More informationGrowth and development of Earias vittella (Fabricius) on cotton cultivars
J. Cotton Res. Dev. 30 (1) 121-126 (January, 2016) Growth and development of Earias vittella (Fabricius) on cotton cultivars R. P. DONGARJAL AND V.K. BHAMARE* Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth,
More informationTemperature. (1) directly controls metabolic rates of ectotherms (invertebrates, fish) Individual species
Temperature (1) directly controls metabolic rates of ectotherms (invertebrates, fish) Individual species (2) controls concentrations (3) is relatively predictable over and can provide a basis for species.
More informationPulse Knowledge. Pea Aphid. Identification and Life Cycle. Host Crops and Crop Injury. Scouting and Economic Thresholds. Jennifer Bogdan, P.Ag.
Pulse Knowledge Pea Aphid Jennifer Bogdan, P.Ag., CCA The pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris)) is a common insect found wherever pulses are grown in Saskatchewan. Pea aphids cause damage to their host
More informationRed Admiral (Early Stages)
01 February 2014 Vince Massimo Citation: Massimo, V. (2014). Red Admiral (Early Stages) [Online]. Available from http://www.dispar.org/reference.php?id=25 [Accessed February 1, 2014]. Red Admiral (Early
More informationAvailable online at ScienceDirect
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Technology 8 ( 2013 ) 580 586 6th International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies in Agriculture, Food and Environment
More informatione ISSN Visit us :
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT PROTECTION VOLUME 7 ISSUE 2 OCTOBER, 2014 275-280 e ISSN-0976-6855 Visit us : www.researchjournal.co.in IJPP RESEARCH PAPER DOI : 10.15740/HAS/IJPP/7.2/275-280 Fitness trade-offs
More informationSoybean stem fly outbreak in soybean crops
Soybean stem fly outbreak in soybean crops By Kate Charleston Published: April 10, 2013 An estimated 4,000 ha of soybeans near Casino in Northern NSW have been affected to varying degrees by soybean stem
More informationL. fabarum L. fabarum.
(201-210) 1391 1 43 Aphis fabae Lysiphlebus fabarum 3 3 2 *1 1 2 (90/12/2 : 90/6/5 : ).. - - Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall) -.. ( 15 ). -. -... - -... L. fabarum L. fabarum. : E-mail:arasekh@ut.ac.ir 09126603166
More informationBee Colony Activities Throughout The Year
Bee Colony Activities Throughout The Year Written by Khalil Hamdan Apeldoorn The Netherlands A honeybee gathering nectar from a flower. Photo source: forestwander.com Bee collecting pollen. Photo source:
More informationPOPULATION DYNAMICS OF CHILLI THRIPS, Scirtothrips dorsalis HOOD IN RELATION TO WEATHER PARAMETERS BAROT, B.V., PATEL, J.J.* AND SHAIKH, A. A.
POPULATION DYNAMICS OF CHILLI THRIPS, Scirtothrips dorsalis HOOD IN RELATION TO WEATHER PARAMETERS BAROT, B.V., PATEL, J.J.* AND SHAIKH, A. A. MAIN VEGETABLE RESEARCH STATION ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY,
More informationBiology and management of the European cherry fruit fly
Biology and management of the European cherry fruit fly Nikos Papadopoulos Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology University of Thessaly, Greece Synopsis Sweet cherries in Greece Biology and
More informationOnion Thrips: Contributions of Life Stage Survival and Adult Dispersal to Populations on Plants
Onion Thrips: Contributions of Life Stage Survival and Adult Dispersal to Populations on Plants Diane Alston Entomologist Utah State University Extension 2007 Utah Onion Association Meeting Why are onion
More informationKansas State University Department of Entomology Newsletter
Kansas State University Department of Entomology Newsletter For Agribusinesses, Applicators, Consultants, Extension Personnel & Homeowners Department of Entomology 123 West Waters Hall K-State Research
More information(Bulletin of FFPRI), Vol.2, No.4 (No.389), , December,
(Bulletin of FFPRI), Vol., No. (No.89), -6, December, 00 Preliminary release experiments in laboratory and outdoor cages of Dastarcus helophoroides (Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Bothrideridae) for biological
More informationBlack grass bug adult Nabids Twice-stabbed stink bug Other bugs
214 Alfalfa Survey data summary Alfalfa survey data summary 214 Methods: From 148 fields in Alberta, 3 alfalfa stems were collected and mines from leaf miners were counted and photographed. The stem length
More informationDiapause in the Parasite Diolcogaster Jacetosa (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
Diapause in the Parasite Diolcogaster Jacetosa (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) K. V. YEARGAN, W. E. BARNEY, AND S. K. BRAMAN' Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546 Environ.
More informationPlant Protect. Sci. Vol. 53, 2017, No. 1: 1 14
Plant Protect. Sci. Vol. 53, 2017, No. 1: 1 14 Key Scale Insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) of High Economic Importance in a Mediterranean Area: Host Plants, Bio-Ecological Characteristics, Natural Enemies
More informationEffect of temperature on the development of the mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)
Scientific Research and Essays Vol. 6(31), pp. 6459-6464, 16 December, 2011 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/sre DOI: 10.5897/SRE11.832 ISSN 1992-2248 2011 Academic Journals Full Length
More informationDepartment of Zoology, University of Tel Aviv, Ramat Aviv, Israel b. Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
Biological Control 31 (2004) 199 209 www.elsevier.com/locate/ybcon Role of natural enemies and other factors in the dynamics of Weld populations of the whitexy Siphoninus phillyreae (haliday) in introduced
More informationSocial Insects. Social Insects. Subsocial. Social Insects 4/9/15. Insect Ecology
Social Insects Social Insects Insect Ecology Sociality evolved multiple times in insects Much of Earth s fauna consists of social insects They play major roles in entire ecosystems Proliferation of ants
More informationSocial Insects. Insect Ecology
Social Insects Insect Ecology Social Insects Sociality evolved multiple times in insects Much of Earth s fauna consists of social insects They play major roles in entire ecosystems Proliferation of ants
More informationLysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall) (Hym.: Aphidiidae)
Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall) (Hym.: Aphidiidae) * Aphis fabae Scopoli Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshal) ±± L. fabarum T r Ardavanmardani@ut.ac.ir* Lysiphlebusfabarum ± ± Chi and 1988Liu, 1985 TWOSEX- Chi,
More informationK. A. Luhring, T. D. Paine, 1 J. G. Millar, and L. M. Hanks 2
Biological Control 19, 95 104 (2000) doi:10.1006/bcon.2000.0853, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on Suitability of the Eggs of Two Species of Eucalyptus Longhorned Borers (Phoracantha recurva
More informationLeaf and Stem Feeding Aphids
Cooperative Extension Service College of Agriculture B-1050.4 February, 1998 Leaf and Stem Feeding Aphids Order: Homoptera (aphids, whiteflies, scales, mealybugs, cicadas) Family: Aphididae (aphids) Metamorphosis:
More informationThe Effect of Larval Control of Black Fly (Simulium vittatum species complex) conducted in Winter Harborages
The Effect of Larval Control of Black Fly (Simulium vittatum species complex) conducted in Winter Harborages Kirk Tubbs, Manager Twin Falls County Pest Abatement District Abstract: The comparison of two
More information