Zoology Name: Block: Exercise #7: The Sponges, Phylum Porifera Lab Guide
|
|
- Lindsay Charles
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Zoology Name: Block: Exercise #7: The Sponges, Phylum Porifera Lab Guide Members of the phylum Porifera are considered the simplest metazoans, they are little more than a loose grouping of cells, with little or no tissue organization. There is a division of labor among their cells, but no organs, no systems, no mouth or digestive tract, and only a very simple nervous system. Adult sponges are all sessile (stationary) in form. Some have no regular form or symmetry (asymmetrical). They may be either solitary or live in colonies. The main characteristics of sponges are their pores and canal systems. They have feeding cells with flagella called choanocytes. These line their cavities and create currents of water. They have an internal skeleton of spicules or organic fibers called spongin. They also have some form of internal cavity called a spongocoel which opens to the outside by the osculum. Most are marine but a few live in freshwater. Phylum Porifera Class Calcarea: these are sponges with spicules of calcium carbonate. These spicules can be needle shaped or three-rayed or four-rayed. The canal system is classified as being ascanoid, Syconoid, or leuconoid. All are marine. Ex. Sycon, Leucosolenia Class Hexactinellida: these are sponges with three dimensional, six rayed siliceous spicules that are often united in a network. The body form is often cylindrical or funnel shaped. The canal system is Syconoid or leuconoid. All are marine, mostly deep water. Class Demospongiae: these sponges have siliceous spicules, spongin, or both. The canal system is leuconoid. There is one freshwater family, the rest are marine. Most sponges belong to this class. Exercise 7A: Class Calcarea Sycon The Sycon sponge is strictly marine. Lives in clusters in shallow water usually attached to rocks or shells. It is a Syconoid type of sponge with a body wall made up of tiny, interconnected, dead-end canals whose cells have flagella to draw in water from the outside through very small pores. They take from this water food particles and oxygen. This water empties into a large central cavity so it can then exit to the outside of the animal. External Structure The opening at one end is called the osculum and is surrounded by a fringe of stiff, rod like spicules. The external surface appears bristly when examined under magnification. The body wall is made up of many fingerlike projections pointing outward. Inside each of these projections is a radial canal, which is closed at the outer end, but which is open to the central cavity, called the spongocoel. External spaces between these enclosed canals are called incurrent canals. They open to the outside, but end blindly at the inner end. Water enters the incurrent canals through the dermal ostia and passes through very small openings called prosopyles. Then the water enters into the radial canals and then to the spongocoel and out through the osculum. There is no mouth, anus, or digestive system. There are small pores called apopyles that open from the radial canals into the Spongocoel. Sometimes the radial canals will contain young larvae called amphiblastula larvae. Cellular Structure Sponge cells are loosely arranged in a gelatin like mass called mesohyl (sometimes called mesenchyme). The mesohyl is the connective tissue of sponges, holding together the various types of ameba like cells, skeletal elements, and fibers that make up the sponge body. The choanocytes in Sycon will line the radial canals and have flagella. These flagella beat to help draw water and/or food into the sponge. The pinacocytes may be seen as extremely thin cells lining the incurrent canals and spongocoel and covering the outer surface. Amebocytes will be found in the jelly like mesohyl that lies in the wall between the pinacocytes and
2 choanocytes. Some of these amebocytes may differentiate (change) into spicule forming cells, sex cells, spongin secreting cells, contractile cells or help in digestion. Sponges are monoecious (have both male and female sex cells in the same individual). Eggs and sperm are produced in the mesohyl. The eggs are fertilized and undergo cleavage (cell division) in the same mesohyl. They will develop into little blastula like embryos called amphiblastula larvae. These larvae will break into the radial canals and finally leave the parent through the Osculum. These larvae will settle down on a substrate and grow into sessile adults. Many sponges also reproduce asexually by budding off new individuals from their base, forming sessile clusters. Freshwater sponges and some marine Demospongiae will reproduce using gemmules. These are made up of clusters of amebocytes. Gemmules of freshwater sponges are enclosed by hard shells and can withstand harsh conditions in the environment which would normally kill adult sponges. In the spring the cells inside the gemmules will escape and develop into young sponges. The spicules of a sponge can be shaped as short monaxons (short and pointed at both ends), long monaxons (long and pointed), Triradiates (Y-shaped with three prongs), and Polyaxons (T-shaped). Spicule types are used to classify sponges along with the type of canal system they have. (Ex. Demospongiae have siliceous spicules, spongin fibers or a combination of both. The spicules are either straight or curved monaxons or tetraxons, but never six-rayed. The glass sponges have siliceous, triaxon (six-rayed) spicules.)
3 Other Canal Systems in Sponges Asconoid Type Canal System Seen in Leucosolenia, a marine sponge. It grows in a cluster, or colony of tubular individuals in varying stages of growth. The body wall is covered with pinacocytes on the outside and filled with mesohyl that contains amebocytes and spicules. Incurrent pores extend from the external surface directly to the Spongocoel, which is lined with choanocytes. They produce the water current using their flagella and collect food. The Osculum serves as the excurrent outlet of the Spongocoel. Leuconoid Type of Canal System Most sponges are of this type. They have clusters of chambers that are lined with choanocytes. Water enters and leaves the chambers by systems of incurrent and excurrent canals. Water from the excurrent canals is collected into the Spongocoel and emptied through the oscula. Procedure 1. Obtain a preserved sponge from your instructor and place it into a glass dish. Cover your sponge gently with water. Examine your sponge with a hand lens or dissecting microscope. 2. Please SKETCH below and label the following parts: (osculum, spicules, incurrent canal, prosopyle) 3. Now, make a longitudinal cut through the midline of your sponge from the osculum to the base with a sharp razor blade. Keep both halves covered with water. 4. Please SKETCH what you see below and label the following parts: (apopyles)
4 5. Next, use the prepared slide of a cross section (cs) of Sycon to examine under low power. 6. Please SKETCH what you see below and label the following parts: (spongocoel, radial canals, apopyle, incurrent canals, dermal ostia (ostium), choanocytes and amphiblastula larvae. Attempt to also see the prosopyles, which can be difficult to see) 7. Place a small bit of sponge on a clean microscope slide and add a drop of commercial bleach. Allow it to set for a few minutes to allow the cellular matter to dissolve. Break it up with a dissecting needle and examine. 8. Please SKETCH what you see below and label the following: (short monaxons, long monaxons, triradiates and polyaxons.) Questions 1. What is the function of the choanocytes? 2. What is the function of the pinacocytes? 3. What would be the advantage of a sessile animal producing a free swimming larvae? 4. A sponge can bud off new individuals. What would be the disadvantage of ONLY reproducing asexually? 5. Describe the pathway of water through Sycon, naming all canals and openings through which water passes from entrance to exit.
5 6. What will drive the flow of water through the sponge? 7. Thinking about the colonial Volvox you viewed in Exercise #6. Explain how a sponge shows evolutionary advancement, as compared to this protozoan. (use online sources if necessary)
12.1. Advent of Multicellularity A. Advantages 1. Nature s experiments with larger organisms without cellular differentiation are limited. 2. Increasi
Phylum: Porifera The Sponges 12.1. Advent of Multicellularity A. Advantages 1. Nature s experiments with larger organisms without cellular differentiation are limited. 2. Increasing the size of a cell
More informationLab ( 3) Kingdom: Animalia
Lab ( 3) Kingdom: Animalia Characteristics of animals: - Multicellular - Eukaryotic organisms - Cells with out cell wall Animalia is divided in two group : A/ Invertebrate ( animals with out backbones
More informationbasal animalia porifera, cnidaria
basal animalia porifera, cnidaria PHYLUM PORIFERA porifera Sponges, no tissues or organs, cellular level of organization outer layer is made of cells called pinacocytes choanocytes (collar cells) Flagella
More informationC. Body is platelike, no symmetry, organs, muscular or nervous systems present. D. 2-3 mm E. marine F. glide over food and secrete digestive enzyme an
Chapter 9 (multicellularity) I. Similarities A. cells are grouped B. groups of cells are specialized for various functions C. All cells in an organism is interdependent. II. Multicelled life appeared ~
More informationPhylum Porifera. Phylum Porifera (sponges) Defining Characteristics of Phylum. Sponges
Phylum Porifera Sponges Ancient group of animals that dates back to the late Precambrian about 600 million years ago Phylum Porifera (sponges) Sessile, aquatic, benthic, suspension feeders on bacteria
More informationPhyllum Porifera: Sponges
Phyllum Porifera: Sponges Chapter 12 Ini5ally not considered animals but molecular evidence demonstrate that sponges are phylogene5cally grouped with other metazoa (animals) Sponges are the simplest mul5cellular
More informationInvertebrate Zoology. Unit 2: Phylums: Porifera, Cnidaria, and Ctenophora
Invertebrate Zoology Unit 2: Phylums: Porifera, Cnidaria, and Ctenophora Objective 1: Differentiate between the 3 types of Poriferians (Asconoids, Syconoids, and Leuconoids) and the three main classes
More informationModule 4: Marine Invertebrates I. Kingdom Animalia
Module 4: Marine Invertebrates I Kingdom Animalia Kingdom Animalia Contains the largest number of species We will split them into 2 large groups Invertebrates- Animals w/o a backbone Vertebrates- Animals
More informationBilateria. Radiata. Eumetazoa. Parazoa no true tissues. Multicellularity
Quiz 1. What does porifera mean? 2. Class Hexactinellida's skeletal structure is made out of what material? 3. Characterized as large openings where water comes out 4. Cells responsible for the circulating
More informationPh. Porifera and Ph. Cnidaria
I. Phylum Porifera (sponges; pore bearer ) A. General characteristics 1. simplest animals 2. asymmetric 3. aquatic habitats a. typically marine 4. live alone or in colonies a. often members of reef habitats
More informationLab 2 Phylum Porifera and phylum Cnidaria. Grantia. Phylum Porifera. Kingdom :- Animalia. Phylum:- Porifera. Class:- Calcarea. Order:- Leucosolenida
Lab 2 Phylum Porifera and phylum Cnidaria Phylum Porifera Adults sessile and attached Radial symmetry or asymmetrical Multi-cellular ; loose aggregation of cells Skeleton made of collagen and spicules
More informationSponges and Cnidarians
The Animal Kingdom Multicellular Sponges and Cnidarians Biology : Chapter 26 Eukaryotic Heterotrophs Cells lack cell walls 95% are invertebrates What Animals Do to Survive Feeding Response Respiration
More informationCOMPARISON BETWEEN PORIFERA AND CNIDARIA. Colwyn Sleep
COMPARISON BETWEEN PORIFERA AND CNIDARIA Colwyn Sleep INTRODUCTION Porifera Cnidaria Porifera and Cnidaria are organisms which share similar characteristics with one another. -They are both multicellular,
More informationThe Rise of the Animals
The Rise of the Animals Animal or Plant? No eye spots Don t move No organs How can it be an animal? Or is it a plant? Meeting the Minimum Multicellular + Heterotrophic + Differentiated Cells + Structural
More informationSimplest metazoan (multi-cellular) Lecture 5 - Sponges!
Simplest metazoan (multi-cellular) Lecture 5 - Sponges! Metazoan origins unicellular ancestors Originated during the Precambrian (1.2 billion - 670 million years ago) From what? Two hypotheses: Multinucleated
More informationChapter 7. Marine Animals Without a Backbone
Chapter 7 Marine Animals Without a Backbone General Characteristics of Animals Multicellular, diploid organisms with tissues, organs or organ systems in most Heterotrophic Require oxygen for aerobic
More informationPorifera. BIO2135 Animal Form & Function ACD. Page 1. Kingdom Animalia. Cladistics Useful terms. Cladistics - Useful terms
Kingdom Animalia 1 Cladistics - Useful terms Apomorphies Derived characters within a group Plesiomorphies Primitive characters within a group Synapomorphies Derived characters shared between groups Symplesiomorphies
More informationSponge and Cnidarian Review
Name Period Date Sponge and Cnidarian Review Matching On the lines provided, write the letter of the definition that matches each term. 1. Invertebrate 2. Filter feeder 3. Asymmetry 4. Radial 5. Medusa
More informationMesozoa, Parazoa, and Metazoa. Chapter 12 pg. 239
Mesozoa, Parazoa, and Metazoa Chapter 12 pg. 239 3 Multicellular Groups: Mesozoa, Parazoa, Eumetazoa Multicellular organisms are divided into three groups: Mesozoa, Parazoa (phylum Porifera, phylum Placozoa)
More information09/12/2012. Classification. Characteristics. Learning Outcome G2. Student Achievement Indicators. Phylum Porifera The Sponges
Learning Outcome G2 Analyse the increasing complexity of the Phylum Porifera and the Phylum Cnidaria Learning Outcome G2 Phylum Porifera & Phylum Cnidaria Student Achievement Indicators Students who have
More informationUnit 2. The pellicle acts as a membrane It maintains the shape of the protozoan but remains flexible Ectoplasm
Kingdom Protista A polyphyletic group containing: Unit 2 Polyphyletic- The Protozoans (Unicellular - can be very complex) Individuals may group together to form colonies Colony Specialized organelles Pellicle
More informationBIO2135 Animal Form & Function 2 9:10 AM 1 9:10 AM. A= Symplesiomorphy C= Synapomorphy. (Autoapomorphy) 3 9:10 AM
Kingdom nimalia Cladistics - Useful terms pomorphies Derived characters within a group Plesiomorphies Primitive characters within a group Synapomorphies Derived characters shared between groups Symplesiomorphies
More informationNotes - Porifera and Cnideria
Notes - Porifera and Cnideria - Animals exist on every continent on the planet. Most people consider animals to be the most important kingdom as we are considered animals. But, what is an animal? What
More informationIntro to Animals. Chapter 32
Intro to Animals Chapter 32 1) Multicellular Organization (Different cells have different functions) Specialization: adaptation of a cell for a particular function Remember: cells tissues organs organ
More informationLearning Objectives. The Animal Kingdom: An Introduction to Animal Diversity. Sexual Reproduction
Learning Objectives The Animal Kingdom: An Introduction to Animal Diversity Chapter 29 What characters are common to most animals? Advantages and disadvantages of different environments Searching for relationships
More information26-2: Sponges. I. Sponges A. An ancient life form; sponges date back to the beginning of the Cambrian period. Shape of Life VIDEO
26-2: Sponges I. Sponges A. An ancient life form; sponges date back to the beginning of the Cambrian period Shape of Life VIDEO B. Habitat: live in the sea, although a few live in freshwater lakes and
More informationchapter six Sponges Phylum Porifera The Advent of Multicellularity
6 chapter six Sponges Phylum The Advent of Multicellularity Sponges are the simplest multicellular animals. Because the cell is the elementary unit of life, organisms larger than unicellular protozoa arose
More informationChapter 24 Introduction to Animals
1 Chapter 24 Introduction to Animals I. Animal characteristics A. General Animal Features Multicellular B. Feeding and Digestion a. acquire nutrients from various sources obtaining nutrients unique to
More informationKingdom Animalia: Phyla Porifera and Cnidaria
Kingdom Animalia: Phyla Porifera and Cnidaria Essential Question(s): What are key characteristics to the animal kingdom? Objectives: 1. Students will be able to distinguish essential characteristics in
More informationFigure 1. Cladogram of the Major Animal Phyla based upon SSU-rRNA
Biology 4B Laboratory Invertebrates I: Porifera, Cnidaria and Platyhelminthes Objectives To understand the basic differences among the invertebrate animal phyla To investigate and learn the obvious external
More informationPorifera, Coelenterata, Ctenophora
Porifera, Coelenterata, Ctenophora Contents Animal Classification - Flow Chart... 3 Phylum Porifera... 4 Phylum Cnidaria... 10 Phylum Ctenophora... 16 www.topperlearning.com 2 Animal Classification - Flow
More informationKingdom Animalia. Zoology the study of animals
Kingdom Animalia Zoology the study of animals Summary Animals are multicellular and eukaryotic. consume and digest organic materials thereby being heterotrophs. Most are motile at some time in their lives.
More informationCharacteristics of Animals
Characteristics of Animals Multicellular Cellular Organization What is this? Heterotrophic Adaptations CHAPTER 9 Cellular Organization 4 Major Functions of Animals Obtain food and water Sustain metabolism
More informationWhat Is an Animal? Animals come in many shapes, forms, and sizes. About 98 percent of all animals are invertebrates. The Kingdom Animalia
What Is an Animal? What characteristics do all animals have? Animals come in many shapes, forms, and sizes. Scientists estimate that there are between 1 and 2 million species of animals! Some, like whales
More informationResources. Visual Concepts. Chapter Presentation. Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter Presentation Visual Concepts Transparencies Standardized Test Prep Introduction to Animals Table of Contents Section 2 Animal Body Systems Objectives Identify the features that animals have in
More informationINVERTEBRATE LAB. Phylum Protozoa & Porifera
INVERTEBRATE LAB Phylum Protozoa & Porifera... These are single celled animals that are usually microscopic but some are visible to the naked eye. Many marine protozoa build themselves shells or skeletons,
More informationintroduction to the Animal Kingdom (pages $55-560) Formulating a Definition: Building Vocabulary Skills
STUDY GUIDE CHAPTER Sponges, Cnidarians, and Unsegmented Worms Section 26-1 introduction to the Animal Kingdom (pages $55-560) SECTION REVIEW With this section you began your study of the animal kingdom.
More informationBIO 221 Invertebrate Zoology I Spring 2007
BIO 221 Invertebrate Zoology I Spring 2007 Stephen M. Shuster Northern Arizona University http://www4.nau.edu/isopod Lecture 8 Reproduction and Development 1.Asexual reproduction: a. Is the primary form
More informationChapter 32 Intro to Animals. Image from:
Chapter 32 Intro to Animals Image from: http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/index.html Animals Invertebrates (animals without a backbone) Porifera Cnidaria Worms Mollusks Echinoderms Arthropods Animals
More informationWhat Is an Animal? Section 25.1 Typical Animal Characteristics. I. Characteristics of Animals. Biology II Mrs. Michaelsen
What Is an Animal? Section 25.1 Typical Animal Characteristics Biology II Mrs. Michaelsen I. Characteristics of Animals A. All animals are eukaryotic, multicellular, have ways of moving to reproduce, obtain
More informationSponges and Cnidarians *
OpenStax-CNX module: m48094 1 Sponges and Cnidarians * Miranda Dudzik Based on Sponges and Cnidarians by OpenStax This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution
More informationThe Evolution of Animal Diversity. Dr. Stephen J. Salek Biology 130 Fayetteville State University
The Evolution of Animal Diversity Dr. Stephen J. Salek Biology 130 Fayetteville State University Create your own animal? Start with a basic plant. Make the plant into a simple animal such as a worm. Consider:
More informationBIOLOGY. An Introduction to Invertebrates CAMPBELL. Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY TENTH EDITION Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson 33 An Introduction to Invertebrates Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick Figure 33.UN08 Metazoa Eumetazoa
More informationKingdom Protista. The following organisms will be examined in the lab today: Volvox, Oedogonium, Spirogyra, Ulva
Kingdom Protista I. Introduction The protists are a diverse group of organisms. In the past they have been classified as fungi, plants and animals. They can be green, autotrophs or nongreen heterotrophs.
More informationChapter 8-9 Intro to Animals. Image from:
Chapter 8-9 Intro to Animals Image from: http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/index.html Zoology Definition: the scientific study of the behavior, structure, physiology, classification, and distribution
More informationOutline. v Definition and major characteristics of animals v Dividing animals into groups based on: v Animal Phylogeny
BIOSC 041 Overview of Animal Diversity: Animal Body Plans Reference: Chapter 32 Outline v Definition and major characteristics of animals v Dividing animals into groups based on: Body symmetry Tissues
More informationName Class Date. After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions:
CHAPTER 14 3 Invertebrates SECTION Introduction to Animals BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What structures and systems perform basic life functions
More informationUNIT 8A MARINE SCIENCE: Lower Invertebrates
UNIT 8A MARINE SCIENCE: Lower Invertebrates Essential Questions: What are the characteristics of the simple body structured organisms? Unit Objectives/I Can Statements: General Invertebrates 1. List taxa
More informationChapter 8. Sponges Phylum Porifera Basic characteristics: simple asymmetric sessile
Chapter 8 Key Concepts Sponges are asymmetric, sessile animals that filter food from the water circulating through their bodies. Sponges provide habitats for other animals. Cnidarians and ctenophores exhibit
More information3. Choanoflagellates resemble what? What is the significance of this resemblance?
I. Animal Diversity 1. What are some basic characteristics of the animal kingdom? What characteristics make them different from plants? - Eukaryotic, heterotrophic (we don t make our own food), we store
More informationv Scientists have identified 1.3 million living species of animals v The definition of an animal
Biosc 41 9/10 Announcements BIOSC 041 v Genetics review: group problem sets Groups of 3-4 Correct answer presented to class = 2 pts extra credit Incorrect attempt = 1 pt extra credit v Lecture: Animal
More informationBiosc 41 9/10 Announcements
Biosc 41 9/10 Announcements v Genetics review: group problem sets Groups of 3-4 Correct answer presented to class = 2 pts extra credit Incorrect attempt = 1 pt extra credit v Lecture: Animal Body Plans
More informationCharacteristics of Echinoderms
Characteristics of Echinoderms Adult echinoderms have a body plan with five parts organized symmetrically around a center Does not have an anterior nor posterior end or a brain Most echinoderms are two
More informationIntroduction to Animals
Introduction to Animals Characteristics of Animals multicellular Except for sponges, animal cells are arranged into tissues. Tissues are necessary to produce organs and organ systems. Tissues, organs,
More information10.2 Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis
10.2 Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis There are thousands of different species of organisms. Each species produces more of its own. A species of bacteria splits to make two identical bacteria. A eucalyptus
More informationThe Radiata-Bilateria split. Second branching in the evolutionary tree
The Radiata-Bilateria split Second branching in the evolutionary tree Two very important characteristics are used to distinguish between the second bifurcation of metazoans Body symmetry Germinal layers
More informationWhat is a Cnidarian?
Invertebrate What is a Cnidarian? 9000 species of jellyfishes, corals, sea anemones, hydras Mostly marine animals Radially symmetrical One body opening Two layers of cells organized into tissues with specific
More informationPhylum Cnidaria Test True/False Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false. Mark a for true and b for false.
PLEASE WRITE YOUR NAME HERE: 1 Phylum Cnidaria Test True/False Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false. Mark a for true and b for false. 1. Polyps are a body form of cnidarians that
More informationAnimal Body Plans. Aggregate Blind sac Tube-within-a-tube Segmented Molluscan Arthropod. Sponges. Acoelomate -Eucoelomate Annelid Mollusca Arthropoda
Animal Body Plans Aggregate Blind sac Tube-within-a-tube Segmented Molluscan Arthropod Sponges Cnidaria, Ctenophora, Platyhelminthes Acoelomate -Eucoelomate Annelid Mollusca Arthropoda Size Constraints
More informationDearolf BIOL 220. Freshwater Brackish water Marine Terrestrial Parasitic
CLADE METAZOA Phylum Porifera Hickman Chapter 12 The Origins of Multicellularity Phylum Porifera: Sponges Characteristics of Phylum Porifera (page 248) Figure 12.2 (page 248) Form and Function Figure 12.5
More informationChapter 32. Objectives. Table of Contents. Characteristics. Characteristics, continued. Section 1 The Nature of Animals
Introduction to Animals Table of Contents Objectives Identify four important characteristics of animals. List two kinds of tissues found only in animals. Explain how the first animals may have evolved
More informationInvertebrate Zoology Midterm Exam 1- Fall 2015
Invertebrate Zoology Midterm Exam 1- Fall 2015 Name Read through the exam before you begin. This exam consists of four (4) Parts. You must provide answers for each Part. However, you are required to answer
More informationSponges: Animal Origins
Episode Sponges: Animal Origins Background Episode One of The Shape of Life: The Story of the Animal Kingdom, entitled Sponges: Animal Origins, features the rather unassuming phylum Porifera [pronounced
More informationThe Animal Kingdom: The Protostomes. Protostomes 4/16/2012. Chapter 30
Porifera Acoelomates ates The Animal Kingdom: The Protostomes Chapter 30 Protostome Bilateral Protostomes Acoelomates ates Characterized by spiral cleavage determinate cleavage (fixed fate of cells) of
More informationChapter 33: Invertebrates
Name Period Chapters 31, 32, and 33 should be considered as a single unit, and you should try to put all of them together in a single conceptual framework. Due to the scope of our course, you are likely
More informationMicroscopy and the Diversity of Microorganisms
Microscopy and the Diversity of Microorganisms Today we will learn how to use one of the most important tools a biologist has, the microscope. We will use the microscope to study organisms throughout the
More informationAnimals contain specialized cells
What is an Animal? Kingdom Animalia Main Characteristics Members of the Animal Kingdom are: Eukaryotic Multicellular Heterotrophic Have cells with membranes BUT NO cell wall Animals contain specialized
More informationA. Incorrect! Sponges are mostly marine animals. This is a feature of sponges.
College Biology - Problem Drill 15: The Evolution of Animal Diversity Question No. 1 of 10 1. Which is not a feature of the phyla porifera- sponges? Question #01 (A) Most are marine animals. (B) They have
More informationChapter 32, 10 th edition Q1.Which characteristic below is shared by plants, fungi, and animals? ( Concept 32.1)
Chapter 32, 10 th edition Q1.Which characteristic below is shared by plants, fungi, and animals? ( Concept 32.1) A) They are multicellular eukaryotes. B) They are heterotrophs. C) Their cells are supported
More informationIntroduction to Animal Kingdom. Invertebrates and Vertebrates
Introduction to Animal Kingdom Invertebrates and Vertebrates Introduction To Animals Vertebrate animal with a backbone. Invertebrate animal without a backbone; includes more than 95% of all animal species
More informationRevision Based on Chapter 25 Grade 11
Revision Based on Chapter 25 Grade 11 Biology Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
More informationAnimal Diversity I: Porifera, Cnidaria, Ctenophora, Platyhelminthes, Rotifera, Annelida
1 Animal Diversity I: Porifera, Cnidaria, Ctenophora, Platyhelminthes, Rotifera, Annelida Objectives: Be able to distinguish radial symmetry from bilateral symmetry. Be able to identify which of the phyla
More informationChapter 8. Sponges, Cnidarians, Comb Jellies, and Marine Worms
Chapter 8 Sponges, Cnidarians, Comb Jellies, and Marine Worms Cnidarians: Animals with Stinging Cells Phylum Cnidaria Includes hydroids, corals, and sea anemones Coelenterate: synonym Named for their cnidocytes
More informationInvertebrate Diversity
CHAPTER 23 Invertebrate Diversity Summary of Key Concepts Concept 23.1 Diverse animals share several key characteristics. (pp. 494 496) More than a million living species of animals are organized into
More informationBIOLOGY - CLUTCH CH.32 - OVERVIEW OF ANIMALS.
!! www.clutchprep.com Animals are multicellular, heterotrophic eukaryotes that feed by ingesting their food Most animals are diploid, and produce gametes produced directly by meiosis Animals lack cell
More informationAnimal Origins and Evolution
Animal Origins and Evolution Common Features of Animals multicellular heterotrophic motile Sexual reproduction, embryo Evolution of Animals All animals are multicellular and heterotrophic, which means
More informationZOOLOGY 101 SECTION 2 LECTURE NOTES
ZOOLOGY 101 SECTION 2 LECTURE NOTES I. Protists - Commonly called protozoans - All single celled eukaryotes Three most important phyla: 1. Sarcomastigophora: includes the amebas and the flagellates 2.
More informationEukaryote Phylogeny. Glycogen. Kingdom Animalia. Amoebozoa Animalia. Plantae. Chromalveolata Rhizaria. Fungi. Excavata
Eukaryote Phylogeny most protozoans, brown algae, & water molds Excavata Chromalveolata Rhizaria Plantae Amoebozoa Animalia Fungi cpsts. w/ 2 memb. chitin, hyphae glycogen eukaryotic cells (nucleus, etc.)
More information1/30/2009. Copyright The McGraw Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
CHAPTER 9 Architectural Pattern of an Animal New Designs for Living Zoologists recognize 34 major phyla of living multicellular animals Survivors of around 100 phyla that appeared 600 million years ago
More informationCell Organelles. 2. Cells are the basic unit of organization in an organism Cells tissues organ organ system organism
Cell Organelles What are some of the differences you see between these two cells? A. Cell Theory 1. All organisms are made up of one or more cells 2. Cells are the basic unit of organization in an organism
More informationIntroduction to Animal Diversity Lecture 7 Winter 2014
Introduction to Animal Diversity Lecture 7 Winter 2014 Evolution of Animals 1 Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Prokaryotes No nucleus Nucleoid region Simple No membrane bound organelles Smaller (1-5 nm) Evolutionarily
More informationFinal Exam Study Guide. Evolution
Name: Biology I A Final Exam Study Guide Date: Mr. Tiesler Evolution An adaptation is a physical or behavioral change that improves a population s ability to survive. Evolution is the process by which
More informationWhat Is an Animal? (continued )
What Is an Animal? (continued ) Structure of Animals 1. IVhat are cells? 2. Complete the flowchart to show how cells are organized in ammals. Levels ot Organization Arumal cells are grouped together to
More informationBIO 221 Invertebrate Zoology I Spring Correction: Porifera. Lower Metazoan Clades: Choanoflagellata Porifera Placozoa Cnidaria Ctenophora
BIO 221 Invertebrate Zoology I Spring 2010 Stephen M. Shuster Northern Arizona University http://www4.nau.edu/isopod Lecture 6 Correction: Porifera a. Are distinct from the Placozoa by: 1. Have collar
More informationKingdom Animalia. Special Features: Advanced nervous systems means cephalization (faces), brains, and efficient mobility (walk/run/swim/grab)
Kingdom Animalia Kingdom Animalia Cell Number: Multicellular with extensive specialization Cell Type: Eukaryotic Animal Cells (no cell wall) Food: Heterotrophic Carnivore (meat), Herbivore (plants), Omnivore
More informationToday: Animal Body Plans. Animal Body Plans: The Gut. The Animal Kingdom- General Characteristics: Animal Body Plans: Symmetry
Today: Exploring the Animal Kingdom Introduction to Ecology The Animal Kingdom- General Characteristics: Multicellular Heterotrophic (via ingestion) Eukaryotes Require Oxygen for aerobic respiration Reproduce
More informationIntro to Invertebrate STUDENT NOTES Date: 1. Taxonomy : the science of classifying/grouping organisms
Intro to Invertebrate STUDENT NOTES Date: 1 Warm up What does it mean to be an invertebrate? Taxonomy : the science of classifying/grouping organisms Who is the father of our modern day classification
More informationWhat creates a coral reef? Why are corals able to form huge reefs?
Marine ecosystems 5: Coral Reefs Unique features The foundation of the ecosystem is produced by living things Reef-building corals Similarities with tropical rain forests Richness and complexity 3-dimensional
More informationObserving Daphnia. Student Resources 1.4 Observing Daphnia, Pages 1 and Counting Daphnia Populations Inquiry Focus Observe
Observing Daphnia Observing Daphnia, Page 1 30 minutes Pairs Observe the daphnia in your cup. List two ways you can tell the adults from the babies: 1 Babies are smaller. 2 Babies are brownish. How do
More informationANIMAL DIVERSITY AND THE EVOLUTION OF BODY PLANS
ANIMAL DIVERSITY AND THE EVOLUTION OF BODY PLANS GENERAL FEATURES OF ANIMALS Heterotrophy - obtain energy and organic molecules by ingesting other organisms Multicellularity - Many have complex bodies
More informationKINGDOM ANIMALIA CHARACTERISTICS
KINGDOM ANIMALIA CHARACTERISTICS EUKARYOTIC MULTICELLULAR HETEROTROPHIC (by ingestion) MOVE AT SOME POINT IN LIFE (not all - sponges are sessile) DIGEST FOOD TO GET NUTRIENTS LACK CELL WALLS CHARACTERISTICS
More informationINTRODUCTION prokaryotic eukaryotic pigments
INTRODUCTION This exercise is intended for you to get familiar and comfortable with using a microscope as well as identifying common microbial groups. Thus, we will observe representatives of all microbes
More information31.1 What Evidence Indicates the Animals Are Monophyletic?
31.1 What Evidence Indicates the Animals Are Monophyletic? What traits distinguish the animals from the other groups of organisms? In contrast to the Bacteria, Archaea, and most microbial eukaryotes, all
More informationGY 112L: Earth History Lab
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA GY 112L: Earth History Lab Week 11 Paleozoic Part 2 Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick Today s Agenda The Paleozoic Part 2 (Lab 8 exercises) 1) Sponges & Stromatoporoids 2)
More informationFeatures of the Animal
Features of the Animal Kingdom Bởi: OpenStaxCollege Even though members of the animal kingdom are incredibly diverse, animals share common features that distinguish them from organisms in other kingdoms.
More informationorigin and evolution of species
origin and evolution of species E V O L U T I O N O F L I F E Since its formation some 4.6 billion years ago, the Earth has witnessed the genesis of continents and oceans and the appearance of animals
More informationBIOS1101 Lab Notes. Contents ANIMALS. Lab 1: Animal Diversity invertebrates. Lab 2: Animal Diversity 2 vertebrates
Contents ANIMALS Lab 1: Animal Diversity invertebrates Lab 2: Animal Diversity 2 vertebrates Lab 3: Animal Structure 1 Gross morphology Lab 4: Animal Structure 2 Histology Lab 5: The Nervous System & Sensory
More informationAre these organisms. animals or not?
1 2 3 4 5 Are these organisms 6 7 8 animals or not? 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Typical Animal Characteristics Eukaryotic Multicellular Ability to move Reproduce Obtain food (heterotrophic)
More informationIntroduction to Animals
Introduction to Animals Moving Forward Quizlet Each section we cover, 1 group will go to our class on Quizlet and create 20 flash cards on the topic (/5mks) If I warn you about talking while I m talking,
More information