Santa Catarina Island mangroves 3: a new species of Fuscoporia

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1 Mycologia, 101(6), 2009, pp DOI: / # 2009 by The Mycological Society of America, Lawrence, KS Santa Catarina Island mangroves 3: a new species of Fuscoporia Juliano Marcon Baltazar 1 Larissa Trierveiler-Pereira 2 Clarice Loguercio-Leite Departamento de Botânica, CCB, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil, Leif Ryvarden Botany Department, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1045 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway Abstract: Fuscoporia bifurcata is described from southern Brazil based on collections from mangrove areas on Santa Catarina Island, in the state of Santa Catarina. The new species is characterized by hymenial setae with a bifurcate or spiny apex. A description with illustrations, an updated key to species of Fuscoporia from southern Brazil and a key to species of Hymenochaetaceae reported from mangroves are provided. Key words: basidiomycetes, Hymenochaetaceae, mycodiversity, Phellinus sensu lato, taxonomy INTRODUCTION Phellinus Quél. represents a morphologically heterogeneous and phylogenetically polyphyletic assemblage (Fiasson 1982; Fiasson and Niemelä 1984; Fischer 1996; Wagner and Fischer 2001, 2002) that includes smaller and more natural genera, for example Fomitiporella Murrill, Fomitiporia Murrill, Fuscoporella Murrill and Fuscoporia Murrill (Wagner and Fischer 2002). Fuscoporia was described to accommodate species with hyaline and smooth basidiospores and hymenial setae (Murrill 1907). The genus has been accepted by several authors (Cunningham 1965, Dai 1999) and currently comprises about 40 species, of which nine have been reported from Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina, southern Brazil (Groposo et al 2007). In this article we describe a new, unusual species of Fuscoporia having hymenial setae with a bifurcate or spiny apex. This study comprises preliminary results of a taxonomic survey of xylophilous Basidiomycetes in mangrove areas in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Accepted for publication 9 April Corresponding author. jm-baltazar@hotmail.com 2 lt_pereira@yahoo.com.br MATERIALS AND METHODS Specimens were collected from mangrove forests on Santa Catarina Island (27u359S, 48u329W), municipality of Florianópolis, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The characteristic mangrove species on this island are Avicennia schaueriana Stapf & Leechm. ex Moldenke, Laguncularia racemosa (L.) C.F. Gaertn. and Rhizophora mangle L. (Souza-Sobrinho et al 1969). Basidiomata were cut by hand for microscopic study and sections were mounted in 5% KOH with 1% aqueous phloxine solution or Melzer s reagent (Singer 1949). Whenever possible at least 20 elements of each microstructure were measured (hyphae, hymenial setae, basidia and basidiospores). Line drawings were made with the aid of a camera lucida. Colors are according to Munsell (1975). The specimens are deposited in herbaria FLOR and O (Holmgren et al 1990). TAXONOMY Fuscoporia bifurcata Baltazar, Trierveiler-Pereira, C.L. Leite et Ryvarden, sp. nov. FIGS. 1 2 MycoBank: MB Ad Fuscoporia gilva setis hymeniis simplicibus, bifurcatis vel spinis subapicalibus praeditis, mm; basidiosporis cylindricis, hyalinis, levibus, mm, inamyloideis, indextrinoideis, acyanophilis differt. HOLOTYPUS (hic designatus): Brasilia, Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Manguezal do Rio Tavares, gregarius in ligno putrido, 27 Apr 2006, L. Trierveiler- Pereira & H.B. Mozerle 222 (FLOR 31897); in herbarium FLOR conservatus est (ISOTYPUS O). Basidiomata annual to perennial, effuse-reflexed, solitary, consistence coriaceous to slightly woody hard. Pileus broadly attached, semicircular, applanate to triquetrous or slightly ungulate, cm and up to 1.0 cm thick; upper surface azonate to concentrically zonate, then sulcate and rugose, glabrous, yellow (10 YR 7/8 and 2.5 YR 7/8), brownish yellow (10 YR 6/8), yellowish brown (10 YR 5/6 and 10 YR 5/8), brown to strong brown (7.5 YR 4/4) and dark reddish brown (5 YR 3/3). Margin thin to slightly thick, yellow (10 YR 7/8 and 2.5 Y 7/8) and brownish yellow (10 YR 6/8). Pore surface pale yellow (2.5 Y 7/4), yellow (10 YR 8/6, 2.5 Y 8/6 and 2.5 Y 7/6), brownish yellow (10 YR 6/8) and olive yellow (2.5 Y 6/8); dark red at first, then black in contact with KOH 5%; pores round to angular, 4 8 per mm, margin sterile up to 0.5 cm; tubes singlelayered, concolor with pore surface, up to 0.3 cm deep, dissepiments entire, slightly thick. Context 859

2 860 MYCOLOGIA FIG. 1. Basidiomata of Fuscoporia bifurcata on dead trunk of Laguncularia racemosa. Bar 5 5 cm. homogenous, compact, dense, shining, azonate to zonate, up to 0.5 cm thick, yellow (10 YR 7/8), brownish yellow (10 YR 6/8) and yellowish brown (10 YR 5/8), often with a yellowish brown (10 YR 5/8) line between context and tube layer. Hyphal system dimitic; generative hyphae simpleseptate, hyaline, golden yellow to rusty brown, thin to thick-walled, mm, rarely branched, some rusty brown thick-walled hyphae with distant septa, thinwalled hyphae at dissepiments edges encrusted; skeletal hyphae thick-walled, unbranched, dark brown, mm. Basidia claviform, hyaline, 4- sterigmated, smooth, thin-walled, mm. Basidiospores cylindrical to ellipsoid, hyaline, smooth, thin-walled, mm, negative in Melzer s reagent. Hymenial setae abundant, straight to ventricose, dark brown and thick-walled, simple, bifurcate or with few spines in the apex, mm. Cystidioles frequent. Tramal setae and setal hyphae absent. Habitat. Dead branches and trunks of A. schaueriana (black mangrove); living tree and dead branches of L. racemosa (white mangrove) and other unidentified substrates in mangrove areas. Specimens examined: BRAZIL. STATE OF SANTA CAT- ARINA: Florianópolis, Manguezal do Rio Tavares. On dead trunk of A. schaueriana, 27 Apr 2006, L. Trierveiler-Pereira & H.B. Mozerle 222 (Holotype FLOR 31897, Isotype in O); Manguezal do Itacorubi. On dead trunk of A. schaueriana, 26 Oct 2005, L. Trierveiler-Pereira & J.M. Baltazar 067 (FLOR 32189); Manguezal de Ratones. On dead trunk of L. racemosa, 31 Oct 2005, J.M. Baltazar & L. Trierveiler-Pereira 029 (FLOR 32141); Manguezal do Saco Grande. On dead trunks of unidentified species, 22 Dec 2005, J.M. Baltazar & L. Trierveiler-Pereira 079 (FLOR 32143); Manguezal do Saco Grande. On dead trunk of L. racemosa, 22 Dec 2005, J.M. Baltazar & L. Trierveiler-Pereira 084 (FLOR 31895); Manguezal do Saco Grande. On living L. racemosa, 27 Apr 2006, J.M. Baltazar & A. Regolin 165 (FLOR 31896); Manguezal do Rio Tavares. On dead trunk of A. schaueriana, 27 Apr 2006, L. Trierveiler-Pereira & H.B. Mozerle 221 (FLOR 32190). Etymology. The name refers to the presence of hymenial setae with a bifurcate apex. Taxonomic remarks. Although simple setae are found in almost all microscopic preparations of F. bifurcata, bifurcate or spiny hymenial setae are common in the hymenium. Bifurcate setae also were observed in other Hymenochaetaceae species, such as Hymenochaete paucisetosa J.C. Léger & Lanq. (Léger and Lanquetin 1983), Phellinus bicuspidatus Lombard & M.J. Larsen (Lombard and Larsen 1985) and Phellinus extensus (Lév.) Pat. (Ryvarden and Johansen 1980). The presence of lateral and subapical spiny processes in hymenial setae was described for Phellinus spinescens J.E. Wright & G. Coelho (Coelho and Wright 1996). The basidiospores of Fuscoporia bifurcata are unusually long, up to 8.5 mm. Other exceptions in the genus are Fuscoporia viticola (Schwein.) Murrill and Fuscoporia cinchonensis (Murrill) Bondartseva & S. Herrera, in which the basidiospores measure respectively up to 8.0 and 8.4 mm long (Herrera- Figueroa and Bondartseva 1982, Larsen and Cobb- Poulle 1990). Fuscoporia bifurcata has a dense macroscopic structure similar to Fuscoporia gilva (Schwein.) T. Wagner & M. Fisch. However the two species are easily separated by the presence of bifurcate/spiny setae and larger basidiospores in the former. Furthermore F. bifurcata has solitary basidiomata and a yellowish pore surface while F. gilva normally has imbricate basidiomata and a brown pore surface, usually in shades of red to purple (Ryvarden and Johansen 1980, Loguercio-Leite and Wright 1995, Dai 1999). Fuscoporia callimorpha (Lév.) Groposo, C.L. Leite & Góes-Neto, which is also similar to F. bifurcata, has basidiospores up to 4.5 mm long and smaller pores (Larsen and Cobb-Poulle 1990). KEY TO SPECIES OF FUSCOPORIA FROM SOUTHERN BRAZIL (UPDATED FROM GROPOSO ET AL 2007) 1a. Basidiomata completely resupinate b. Basidiomata effuse-reflexed to pileate a. Tramal setae present, spores ellipsoid b. Tramal setae absent, spores cylindrical a. Subulate hymenial setae present, 223 pores per mm... F. contigua 3b. Ventricose hymenial setae present, 6 pores per mm... F. ferruginosa 4a. Tubes distinctly layered... F. ferrea 4b. Tubes not layered..... F. punctatiformis 5a. Hooked and straight hymenial setae both present... F. wahlbergii 5b. Only straight hymenial setae present... 6

3 BALTAZAR ET AL: NEW FUSCOPORIA SPECIES 861 FIG. 2. Microscopic features of Fuscoporia bifurcata (all from holotype). a. Hymenium. b. Basidia. c. Basidiospores. d. Thinwalled generative hyphae. e. Encrusted generative hyphae from dissepiment. f. Thick-walled generative hyphae. g. Skeletal hyphae. h. Hymenial setae. Bar 5 10 mm. 6a. Hymenial setae subulate.... F. callimorpha 6b. Hymenial setae ventricose a. Pileus with tomentose or finely velutinate upper surface F. gilva 7b. Pileus glabrous a. Bifurcate or spiny hymenial setae present, basidiospores mm long... F. bifurcata 8b. Bifurcate or spiny hymenial setae absent (all setae apically simple), basidiospores up to 4.0 mm long a. Distinct tube layers present, context yellow......f.rhabarbarina 9b. Distinct tube layers absent, context brown......f.flavomarginata

4 862 MYCOLOGIA Ecological remarks. Fourteen species of Hymenochaetaceae have been reported from mangroves (Fidalgo 1968; Kohlmeyer 1969; Larsen and Cobb- Poulle 1990; Sotão et al 1991, 2002, 2003; Campos and Cavalcanti 2000; Poonyth et al 2000; Gilbert and Sousa 2002; Campos et al 2003; Schmit and Shearer 2003; Nieves-Rivera et al 2005), all of them belonging to Phellinus s.l. Among these species three belong to Fuscoporia: F. callimorpha, F. gilva and F. bifurcata. Fuscoporia callimorpha was reported on dead trunks of L. racemosa and F. gilva on dead Avicennia germinans (L.) Stearn, L. racemosa and R. mangle (Gilbert and Sousa 2002, Campos et al 2003, Schmit and Shearer 2003). Fuscoporia bifurcata was collected on dead trunks of A. schaueriana and L. racemosa. Although one specimen was gathered on living L. racemosa, more studies are necessary to ascertain whether the species attacks living plant tissues. These data show that species of Fuscoporia have no host specificity in mangrove forests. KEY TO SPECIES OF HYMENOCHAETACEAE REPORTED FROM MANGROVES 1a. Hymenial setae present b. Hymenial setae absent a. Setal hyphae or tramal setae present b. Setal hyphae or tramal setae absent a. Pores 8 10 per mm, basidiospores mm... Inonotus pachyphloeus 3b. Pores 6 7 per mm, basidiospores mm... Phellinus lamaensis 4a. Hymenial setae with bifurcate/spiny apex frequent, basidiospores mmlong......fuscoporia bifurcata 4b. Hymenial setae simple, basidiospores up 6.0 mm long a. Pores 4 5 per mm, hymenial setae acuminate Phellinus terminaliae 5b. Pores smaller, hymenial setae subulate to ventricose 6 6a. Hymenial setae ventricose... Fuscoporia callimorpha 6b. Hymenial setae subulate a. Dissepiments lacerate to dentate, margin acute, basidiospores mm... Fuscoporia gilva 7b. Dissepiments entire, margin obtuse, basidiospores mm... Fuscoporia senex 8a. Basidiospores hyaline, dextrinoid fomitiporia punctata 8b. Basidiospores colored, indextrinoid a. Basidiomata resupinate, pores 3 4 per mm... Phellinus adhaerens 9b. Basidiomata pileate sessile, pores smaller a.Pores 7 10 mm permm b.Pores larger a. Basidiomata ungulate to subungulate, basidiospores golden yellow... Phellinus merrillii 11b.Basidiomata applanate, basidiospores rust brown.... Fulvifomes fastuosus 12a. Context with a distinct black line Phellinus mangrovicus 12b.Context without a black line a. Basidiomata upper surface cracking irregularly with age, basidiospores mm... Fulvifomes rimosus 13b.Basidiomata not as above, basidiospores mm... Phellinus swieteniae ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors acknowledge Dr Tatiana B. Gibertoni (UFPE, Recife, Brazil), who organized a short course during the 5th Brazilian Mycology Congress, where the authors examined materials and discussed taxonomic problems. Dr David Bousfield is thanked for his help with the English review and Luis Adriano Raposo for providing expertise in digital art. The Brazilian authors also thank CNPq for financial support and fellowships, as well for FAPESC grants. LITERATURE CITED Campos EL, Cavalcanti MAQ Primeira ocorrência de Phellinus mangrovicus (Imaz.) Imaz. para o Brasil. Acta Bot Bras 14: , Sotão HM, Cavalcanti MAQ, Luz AB Basidiomycetes de Manguezais da APA de Algodoal- Maiandeua, Pará, Brasil. Bol Mus Paraense Emílio Goeldi, ser Ciências Naturais 1: Coelho G, Wright JE Phellinus spinescens sp. nov. on bamboo from South America. Mycotaxon 59: Cunningham GH Polyporaceae of New Zealand. N Z Dep Sci Ind Res Bull 164: Dai YC Phellinus sensu lato (Aphyllophorales, Hymenochaetaceae) in East Asia. Acta Bot Fenn 166: Fiasson JL Distribution of styrylpyrones in the basidiocarps of various Hymenochaetaceae (Aphyllophorales, Fungi). Biochem Syst Ecol 10: , Niemelä T The Hymenochaetales: a revision of the European poroid taxa. Karstenia 24: Fidalgo O Phellinus pachyphloeus and its allies. Mem New York Bot Gard 17: Fischer M On the species complexes within Phellinus: Fomitiporia revisited. Mycol Res 100: Gilbert GS, Sousa WP Host specialization among wood-decay polypore fungi in a Caribbean mangrove forest. Biotropica 34: Groposo C, Loguercio-Leite C, Góes-Neto A Fuscoporia (Basidiomycota, Hymenochaetales) in southern Brazil. Mycotaxon 101: Herrera-Figueroa S, Bondartseva MA Especies del género Phellinus (Basidiomycetes: Hymenochaetaceae) nuevas o poco conocidas en Cuba. Acta Bot Cub 8:1 17. Holmgren PK, Holmgren NH, Barnett LC Index herbariorum I. The herbaria of the world., New York: New York Botanical Garden: Bronx. 704 p. Kohlmeyer J Ecological notes on fungi in mangrove forests. Trans Brit Mycol Soc 53:

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