Date: Student Name: Teacher Name: Jared George. Score:

Transcription

1 Biology Keystone (PA Core) Quiz Theory of Evolution - (BIO.B ) Natural Selection, (BIO.B ) New Species, (BIO.B ) Mutagenic Variations Student Name: Teacher Name: Jared George Date: Score: 1) A change in a sequence of DNA bases in a bacterial cell has resulted in a mutation. This mutation has increased the ability of the bacteria to break down and digest organic molecules in the environment. Bacteria with this mutation are better able to find and utilize food sources. According to the theory of natural selection, what is MOST likely to occur in future generations of this bacteria? The relative frequency of the mutation will increase as time passes. Because the mutation has changed the DNA of the bacteria, a new species will be formed. Because the mutation is abnormal, the mutation will become more rare with every passing generation. Bacteria with the mutation will increase in number until the food supply is exhausted, causing the bacteria to become extinct. 2) All BUT one factor contributes to natural selection. That factor is mutation. environmental factors. population stability. differential reproduction. 3) The number of Florida Panther (Felis concolor) that survive in the wild today is estimated at about animals. This very small population is also very similar genetically. According to Darwin's theory of evolution, what is the MOST likely consequence for this panther population that is both small and genetically non-diverse? The panthers may need to cross-breed with different species in order to survive. The rate of mutations will decrease since few different genes exist in the population. The panther population is likely to adapt well in the future since most individuals are similar. The panther population is not well suited to adapt to any changes in the environment and may become extinct. 4) Stabilizing selection is the most common form of natural selection. It eliminates any extreme expression of a trait in a population of organisms when the average expression leads to a higher rate of survival. Stabilizing selection tends to decrease genetic sameness. increase the frequency of a rare allele. decrease genetic diversity. increase the frequency of two rare alleles. 5)

2 In northern Canada, a population of rabbits was predominantly white in color. The allele for white color is recessive while the allele for gray color is dominant. Over the last several decades, the average annual temperature of this area has increased and the longterm deposits of ice and snow have become scarce. In this case, the frequency of a previously rare allele becomes more frequent in the population. This is an example of nonrandom selection. directional selection. disruptive selection. stabilizing selection. 6) For a given species, an increased evolutionary rate would cause a decrease in biodiversity. similarity of the individuals in the species. fitness of a species. the number of new genes in the DNA of the species.

3 7) One way to describe a species is as a population adapted to a certain niche. That population has a small gene pool. If the members of different species could interbreed with each other, too much genetic variability would occur in that gene pool. Too much genetic variability would ensure survival in a niche. cause the population to grow too rapidly. reduce adaptation to the niche. increase the survival rate exponentially. 8) At the end of meiosis II, how does the DNA in each of the four new cells compare to the DNA from the original cell? half as much and genetically the same as the original twice as much and genetically the same as the original half as much and genetically different from the original twice as much and genetically different from the original 9) Farmer Fran sprays her sugarcane field with a highly effective pesticide called 'Bayou Bug Blast'. For five years the pesticide works without a hitch, effectively killing almost all of the bayou weevils trying to eat Farmer Fran's crop. However, during the 6th year, some of the crop takes a hit. During the 7th year, she loses half of her crop, and during the 8th year, she loses almost the entire cane field to bayou weevils, despite using twice the usual dose of Bayou Bug Blast. What happened? The sugar cane became used to the pesticide, rendering it ineffective. Bayou weevils over-populated, because Bayou Bug Blast killed all of the predatory insects. A small population of weevils survived on other food sources and returned to the sugar cane field to feed. The weaker weevils were killed, and Farmer Fran accidentally caused only pesticide-resistant beetles to survive.

4 10) In 1850 there was a large snowshoe rabbit population in Manitoba, Canada. Over the years, the winter coloration (the color of the rabbit's fur) of the surviving rabbit population changed. The graph shows the change in winter coloration of rabbits between 1850 to Based on the data, we could hypothesize that the winters are longer in length. the amount of snow covered varied over the years. the snowshoe rabbit has migrated to another area. more snowshoe rabbit predators have moved into Manitoba. 11) All BUT ONE statement describes an advantage of meiosis. Variation is aided by crossing-over which occurs during meiosis. Meiosis ensures daughter cells receive one of each kind of gene and half the chromosome number. Independent assortment provides a huge number of possible genetic combinations in daughter cells. Meiosis occurs often because it allows growth and repair of body tissues in multicellular organisms. 12) Both male and female gametes are created during the process of meiosis. The formation of male gametes or sperm is called spermatogenesis. After telophase II of spermatogenesis, there would be male gametes created that are all genetically. 2; identical 4; identical 2; different 4; different 13), harmful or helpful, is considered to be the source for new alleles and a main contributor to the diversity of life on Earth.

5 Mitosis Transcription Mutation Translation 14) These may all cause Radiation Chemical Agents Viruses cell growth. genetic mutations. global warming. increases in population. 15) James was sick, went to the doctor, and was diagnosed with a bacterial throat infection. His infection was treated with antibiotics. In a few days, James felt much better, but some resistant bacteria survived and, overnight, James was sick again. This time, he had to take a much stronger antibiotic. The resistant bacterial cells illustrate what characteristic of life? All living things respond to stimuli. All living things adapt to changes in their environment. All living things maintain homeostasis. All living things contain genetic material and reproduce.

6 16) Sea gulls prey on snails on the rocky sea coast. The snails vary in color from solid brown to brown and tan striped. The birds suck the soft snail bodies out of the shells and leave the shells behind on the rocks. Scientists picked up 500 empty shells and found that 400 of the shells were solid brown and only 100 were striped. Over the years, what would you expect to happen to the snail population? The snails would become extinct. There would be mostly striped snails. There would be mostly brown snails. There would be an even number of brown snails and striped snails. 17) Sexual reproduction is important for the survival of the species. It is important for ALL BUT ONE of these reasons. That is promotes genetic variability among offspring. is necessary for the survival of the individual. causes new mutations to occur in the offspring. allows larger number of offspring to be produced. 18) Which process MUST occur before mitosis and meiosis can occur? DNA translation DNA conjugation DNA replication DNA transcription 19) A human skin cell contains 46 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are present in a human egg cell? ) Impala share the African plains with other grazing animals and predators. Which change would lead to a DECREASE in the impala population? a reduction in the lion population an increase in restrictions on the hunting of impala an increase in the number of other grazing antelope a reduction in the populations of other impala predators

7 21) The Punnett square above shows a cross between two sweet pea plants in Mendel's greenhouse. Both parents have purple flowers (Pp). Which statement describes the offspring expected from this cross? 50% white-flowered and 50% purple-flowered 75% purple-flowered and 25% white-flowered 75% white-flowered and 25% purple-flowered 100% purple-flowered and 0% white-flowered 22) The snowshoe rabbit has white fur in winter and dark fur in summer. What is the main survival advantage of this fur color change to the rabbit? The light fur keeps the rabbit from getting sunburned in summer. The fur color is an adaptive form of camouflage to avoid predators. The dark fur absorbs more sunlight so the rabbit is warmer in winter. The white fur is more valuable to fur trappers, so the animal will be trapped and better fed in winter. 23) Consider the possible genotypes of the offspring of two heterozygous brown goats. The ratio of brown to white offspring in this case would be 1:3. 3:1. 2:2 3:4 24) In normal humans, sex cells contain the number of chromosomes. diploid multiploid haploid tetraploid

8 25) What is the outcome when a cell undergoes meiosis? Two diploid cells Four diploid cells Two haploid cells Four haploid cells 26) In 1831, Charles Darwin visited the Galapagos Islands. While observing the giant land tortoises that lived on these islands, Darwin noted that the shape of the tortoise shell varied depending on which island the tortoise lived. Tortoises on one island had round shells, for example, whereas tortoises on a neighboring island had more flattened, saddle-shaped shells. Which statement BEST summarizes Darwin's explanation for these differences? Random mutations caused the shape of the shells to fluctuate periodically. The shape of the tortoise shell varied because the predators on the islands were different. The particular shape of the shell was best suited for the island on which the tortoise was living. Tortoises who used their shells in special ways caused the shells to become larger, rounder, or flatter.

9 27) The process of DNA replication occurs just before. cytokinesis cell division replication nucleosynthesis