A population of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring is a(n) a. evolved population b. adaptive radiation c. niche d.

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2 A population of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring is a(n) a. evolved population b. adaptive radiation c. niche d. species

3 A population of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring is a(n) a. evolved population b. adaptive radiation c. niche d. species

4 In a population of bears, which would be considered the fittest (in an evolutionary sense)? A) the bear that blends in with its environment the best B) the strongest, fiercest bear C) the biggest bear D) the bear that leaves the most descendants

5 In a population of bears, which would be considered the fittest (in an evolutionary sense)? A) the bear that blends in with its environment the best B) the strongest, fiercest bear C) the biggest bear D) the bear that leaves the most descendants

6 Blue-footed boobies have webbed feet and are comically clumsy when they walk on land. Evolutionary scientists view these feet as A) an example of a trait that is poorly adapted. B) the outcome of a tradeoff: webbed feet perform poorly on land, but are very helpful in diving for food. C) an example of a trait that has not evolved. D) a curiosity that has little to teach us regarding evolution.

7 Blue-footed boobies have webbed feet and are comically clumsy when they walk on land. Evolutionary scientists view these feet as A) an example of a trait that is poorly adapted. B) the outcome of a tradeoff: webbed feet perform poorly on land, but are very helpful in diving for food. C) an example of a trait that has not evolved. D) a curiosity that has little to teach us regarding evolution.

8 Which one of the following was not a main idea that Darwin advanced in his works? A) species change over time B) living species have arisen from earlier life forms C) modern species arose through a process known as "descent with modification" D) new species can form by inheritance of characteristics acquired during an individual s life E) new species arise by natural selection

9 Which one of the following was not a main idea that Darwin advanced in his works? A) species change over time B) living species have arisen from earlier life forms C) modern species arose through a process known as "descent with modification" D) new species can form by inheritance of characteristics acquired during an individual s life E) new species arise by natural selection

10 and generate variation, while results in adaptation to the environment A) genetic drift natural selection mutation B) mutation sexual reproduction natural selection C) sexual reproduction natural selection mutation D) natural selection mutation sexual recombination

11 and generate variation, while results in adaptation to the environment A) genetic drift natural selection mutation B) mutation sexual reproduction natural selection C) sexual reproduction natural selection mutation D) natural selection mutation sexual recombination

12 Which term describes structures similar in purpose but not inherited from a common ancestor? a. homologous b. analogous c. vestigial d. embryonic

13 Which term describes structures similar in purpose but not inherited from a common ancestor? a. homologous b. analogous c. vestigial d. embryonic

14 As a result of sexual reproduction, the rate of evolutionary change in the plant and animal kingdoms has been greatly speeded up because A) characteristic change less frequent than in asexual reproduction B) two parents have fewer offspring than one parent C) the offspring show more diversity than in asexual reproduction D) environmental changes never affect organisms produced by asexual reproduction

15 As a result of sexual reproduction, the rate of evolutionary change in the plant and animal kingdoms has been greatly speeded up because A) characteristic change less frequent than in asexual reproduction B) two parents have fewer offspring than one parent C) the offspring show more diversity than in asexual reproduction D) environmental changes never affect organisms produced by asexual reproduction

16 The hip bone of a python and the human tail bone are each examples of a. Biogenesis b. Fossil record c. Homologous structures d. Vestigial Structures

17 The hip bone of a python and the human tail bone are each examples of a. Biogenesis b. Fossil record c. Homologous structures d. Vestigial Structures

18 The human arm, the whale fin, and the bat wing are similar structures that result from evolution from a common ancestor. They are a. divergent structures b. vestigial structures c. homologous structures d. analogous structures

19 The human arm, the whale fin, and the bat wing are similar structures that result from evolution from a common ancestor. They are a. divergent structures b. vestigial structures c. homologous structures d. analogous structures

20 Fossils are formed a. from animals but not plants b. most often in sedimentary rock c. from soft tissues of organisms d. only when the weather is warm

21 Fossils are formed a. from animals but not plants b. most often in sedimentary rock c. from soft tissues of organisms d. only when the weather is warm

22 In the struggle for existence, the organisms that survive are usually the a. largest b. strongest c. fittest d. smartest

23 In the struggle for existence, the organisms that survive are usually the a. largest b. strongest c. fittest d. smartest

24 A similarity in DNA sequence between two species a. does not indicate a relationship b. is a genetic coincidence c. is impossible d. suggests a close relationship

25 A similarity in DNA sequence between two species a. does not indicate a relationship b. is a genetic coincidence c. is impossible d. suggests a close relationship

26 If a species lacks the variations needed to survive in a changing environment, it will most likely a. acquire them through evolution b. become extinct c. evolve into a lower form d. evolve into a higher form

27 If a species lacks the variations needed to survive in a changing environment, it will most likely a. acquire them through evolution b. become extinct c. evolve into a lower form d. evolve into a higher form

28 An inherited trait that increases chances of survival and reproduction is a. a mutation b. not possible in nature c. a genotype d. an adaptation

29 An inherited trait that increases chances of survival and reproduction is a. a mutation b. not possible in nature c. a genotype d. an adaptation

30 In the process of evolution, the effect of the environment is to a. generate variation within the species b. prevent the occurrence of mutations c. act as a selective pressure on variations that exist within the species d. provide favorable conditions for the survival of the species

31 In the process of evolution, the effect of the environment is to a. generate variation within the species b. prevent the occurrence of mutations c. act as a selective pressure on variations that exist within the species d. provide favorable conditions for the survival of the species

32 Which of the following provides evidence that vertebrates evolved from a common ancestor? A) homologous structures B) the presence of similar genes C) the presence of vestigial tail bones even in vertebrate species that do not have a functional tail D) All of the choices are correct

33 Which of the following provides evidence that vertebrates evolved from a common ancestor? A) homologous structures B) the presence of similar genes C) the presence of vestigial tail bones even in vertebrate species that do not have a functional tail D) All of the choices are correct

34 Populations are likely to evolve into separate species if a) they interbreed b) genes are exchanged between the populations c) environmental conditions are similar d) reproductive or geographic isolation occurs

35 Populations are likely to evolve into separate species if a) they interbreed b) genes are exchanged between the populations c) environmental conditions are similar d) reproductive or geographic isolation occurs

36 According to this evolutionary tree, which species is the common ancestor of lungfishes and amphibians? a. Species 1 b. Species 2 c. Species 3 d. Species 4 e. Species 5 f. Species 6

37 According to this evolutionary tree, which species is the common ancestor of lungfishes and amphibians? a. Species 1 b. Species 2 c. Species 3 d. Species 4 e. Species 5 f. Species 6

38 According to this evolutionary tree, which species is the common ancestor of tetrapods and amniotes? a. Species 1 b. Species 2 c. Species 3 d. Species 4 e. Species 5 f. Species 6

39 According to this evolutionary tree, which species is the common ancestor of tetrapods and amniotes? a. Species 1 b. Species 2 c. Species 3 d. Species 4 e. Species 5 f. Species 6

40 In England before 1850 (pre-industrial Revolution), tree trunks were light-colored and peppered moths could be either light or dark colored. After 1850, pollution was the immediate cause of a. darker tree trunks b. darker moths c. lighter tree trunks d. lighter moths

41 In England before 1850 (pre-industrial Revolution), tree trunks were light-colored and peppered moths could be either light or dark colored. After 1850, pollution was the immediate cause of a. darker tree trunks b. darker moths c. lighter tree trunks d. lighter moths

42 In England before 1850 (pre-industrial Revolution), tree trunks were light-colored and peppered moths could be either light or dark colored. After 1850, pollution was the immediate cause of darker tree trunks. The moth population became darker because a. they were covered with soot b. birds were more likely to find and eat dark moths c. birds were more likely to find and eat light moths d. the adults changed color to escape the birds

43 In England before 1850 (pre-industrial Revolution), tree trunks were light-colored and peppered moths could be either light or dark colored. After 1850, pollution was the immediate cause of darker tree trunks. The moth population became darker because a. they were covered with soot b. birds were more likely to find and eat dark moths c. birds were more likely to find and eat light moths d. the adults changed color to escape the birds

44 In England before 1850 (pre-industrial Revolution), tree trunks were light-colored and peppered moths could be either light or dark colored. After 1850, pollution was the immediate cause of darker tree trunks. The moth population became darker because birds were more likely to find and eat light moths. Birds in this case are examples of a. an environmental pressure b. a variation c. an adaptation d. co-evolution

45 In England before 1850 (pre-industrial Revolution), tree trunks were light-colored and peppered moths could be either light or dark colored. After 1850, pollution was the immediate cause of darker tree trunks. The moth population became darker because birds were more likely to find and eat light moths. Birds in this case are examples of a. an environmental pressure b. a variation c. an adaptation d. co-evolution

46 The diagram below represents undisturbed rock strata in a given region. A representative fossil of an organism is illustrated in each layer. Which fossil is oldest? Which fossil is youngest?

47 The diagram below represents undisturbed rock strata in a given region. A representative fossil of an organism is illustrated in each layer. Which fossil is oldest? Fossil of Organism A Which fossil is youngest? Fossil of Organism C

48 Which statement best describes a relationship between these representative organisms? a. Organism A was probably more structurally advanced than organism B and organism C. b. Organism C probably gave rise to organism A and organism B. c. All of these organisms probably evolved at the same time. d. Organism A was probably more primitive than organisms B and C.

49 Which statement best describes a relationship between these representative organisms? a. Organism A was probably more structurally advanced than organism B and organism C. b. Organism C probably gave rise to organism A and organism B. c. All of these organisms probably evolved at the same time. d. Organism A was probably more primitive than organisms B and C.

50 More than 1.5 million species of animals have been described, yet all of them have DNA that is made of the same building blocks. This is evidence that all animals have a) a common ancestor. b) identical fossils c) similar appearances d) the exact same DNA sequences.

51 More than 1.5 million species of animals have been described, yet all of them have DNA that is made of the same building blocks. This is evidence that all animals have a) a common ancestor. b) identical fossils c) similar appearances d) the exact same DNA sequences.

52 Use the following DNA sequences to answer the question below. Honey bee: G A T T C A G T C A Bumble bee: G A T T C A G T C G Carpenter bee: G T T T C A T T C A Leafcutter bee: C A T T G A C T C A Mason bee: C T A A G G C T A A Digger bee: G T T T G G C C A A Which of the following is a valid conclusion based up on the data above? a) Honey bees are more closely related to bumble bees than they are to leafcutter bees b) Mason bees are the honey bees closest "relatives" c) Carpenter bees are the bees least closely related to honey bees d) Mason bees are more closely related to honey bees than carpenter bees are

53 Use the following DNA sequences to answer the question below. Honey bee: G A T T C A G T C A Bumble bee: G A T T C A G T C G Carpenter bee: G T T T C A T T C A Leafcutter bee: C A T T G A C T C A Mason bee: C T A A G G C T A A Digger bee: G T T T G G C C A A Which of the following is a valid conclusion based up on the data above? a) Honey bees are more closely related to bumble bees than they are to leafcutter bees b) Mason bees are the honey bees closest "relatives" c) Carpenter bees are the bees least closely related to honey bees d) Mason bees are more closely related to honey bees than carpenter bees are

54 Refer to the diagram below. With one exception, all of these structures are homologous. Which of these structures represents an analogous structure?

55 Refer to the diagram below. With one exception, all of these structures are homologous. Which of these structures represents an analogous structure?

56 Fertilized mosquito eggs can live in culture medium X. Culture medium Y is the same as X except DDT has been added to it. (DDT was an insecticide that is now banned) In culture medium Y, only a few eggs survive after 24 hours. (The black eggs are dead.) Culture medium Z is the same as culture medium Y, except no eggs have been added. The few eggs surviving in culture medium Y probably A) inherited an acquired characteristic. B) became resistant by the law of use. C) acquired a gene for resistance after DDT was added. D) had a variation for resistance to DDT.

57 Fertilized mosquito eggs can live in culture medium X. Culture medium Y is the same as X except DDT has been added to it. (DDT was an insecticide that is now banned) In culture medium Y, only a few eggs survive after 24 hours. (The black eggs are dead.) Culture medium Z is the same as culture medium Y, except no eggs have been added. The few eggs surviving in culture medium Y probably A) inherited an acquired characteristic. B) became resistant by the law of use. C) acquired a gene for resistance after DDT was added. D) had a variation for resistance to DDT.

58 Fertilized mosquito eggs can live in culture medium X. Culture medium Y is the same as X except DDT has been added to it. (DDT was an insecticide that is now banned) In culture medium Y, only a few eggs survive after 24 hours. (The black eggs are dead.) Culture medium Z is the same as culture medium Y, except no eggs have been added. Addition of the DDT is a(n) A) change in the environment B) variation C) stablilizing factor D) acquired characteristic

59 Fertilized mosquito eggs can live in culture medium X. Culture medium Y is the same as X except DDT has been added to it. (DDT was an insecticide that is now banned) In culture medium Y, only a few eggs survive after 24 hours. (The black eggs are dead.) Culture medium Z is the same as culture medium Y, except no eggs have been added. Addition of the DDT is a(n) A) change in the environment B) variation C) stablilizing factor D) acquired characteristic

60 Fertilized mosquito eggs can live in culture medium X. Culture medium Y is the same as X except DDT has been added to it. (DDT was an insecticide that is now banned) In culture medium Y, only a few eggs survive after 24 hours. (The black eggs are dead.) Culture medium Z is the same as culture medium Y, except no eggs have been added. If eggs from the mosquitoes that developed from surviving culture Y were placed in culture Z, they would probably A) die B) survive and reproduce C)change form D) mutate

61 Fertilized mosquito eggs can live in culture medium X. Culture medium Y is the same as X except DDT has been added to it. (DDT was an insecticide that is now banned) In culture medium Y, only a few eggs survive after 24 hours. (The black eggs are dead.) Culture medium Z is the same as culture medium Y, except no eggs have been added. If eggs from the mosquitoes that developed from surviving culture Y were placed in culture Z, they would probably A) die B) survive and reproduce C)change form D) mutate

62 Your roommate was given an antibiotic for strep throat. After three days she is feeling fine and asks you if she should stop taking the antibiotic and save the pills for the next time she has a sore throat. Your best response would be: A. Yes, quit taking them, because the role of antibiotics is to give the body's immune system enough time to fight off the infection, so she doesn't need the pills after she feels better. B. No, she must finish her course of treatment because repeated exposure to antibiotics may result in drug resistant strains. C. Yes, the antibiotics were very potent and able to kill off the infection more quickly than anticipated. D. No, the infection is really not under control yet to the point that her immune system can finish fighting it off.

63 Your roommate was given an antibiotic for strep throat. After three days she is feeling fine and asks you if she should stop taking the antibiotic and save the pills for the next time she has a sore throat. Your best response would be: A. Yes, quit taking them, because the role of antibiotics is to give the body's immune system enough time to fight off the infection, so she doesn't need the pills after she feels better. B. No, she must finish her course of treatment because repeated exposure to antibiotics may result in drug resistant strains. C. Yes, the antibiotics were very potent and able to kill off the infection more quickly than anticipated. D. No, the infection is really not under control yet to the point that her immune system can finish fighting it off.

64 Tuberculosis is a infection that is passed through. A. viral, direct contact B. viral, animal bites C. bacterial, food D. bacterial, indirect contact

65 Tuberculosis is a infection that is passed through. A. viral, direct contact B. viral, animal bites C. bacterial, food D. bacterial, indirect contact

66 Eukaryotic cells differ from prokaryotic cells in that eukaryotic cells possess A. Cell walls B. Cytoplasm C. A nucleus D. Ribosomes

67 Eukaryotic cells differ from prokaryotic cells in that eukaryotic cells possess A. Cell walls B. Cytoplasm C. A nucleus D. Ribosomes

68 Plant cells differ from animal cells in that they possess A. Cell walls B. Cytoplasm C. Mitochondria D. Ribosomes

69 Plant cells differ from animal cells in that they possess A. Cell walls B. Cytoplasm C. Mitochondria D. Ribosomes

70 Penicillin is a common antibiotic used to treat infections. Which of the following statements is the most accurate prediction about this antibiotic? A. It is as effective now as when it first came out. B. There are no microbes left that aren't resistant to this antibiotic, given its widespread use. C. In areas where this antibiotic is widely used, bacterial may become resistant to it. D. None of the above

71 Penicillin is a common antibiotic used to treat infections. Which of the following statements is the most accurate prediction about this antibiotic? A. It is as effective now as when it first came out. B. There are no microbes left that aren't resistant to this antibiotic, given its widespread use. C. In areas where this antibiotic is widely used, bacterial may become resistant to it. D. None of the above

72 All cells possess all the following components EXCEPT A. cytoplasm. B. ribosomes. C. a nucleus. D. plasma/cell membrane.

73 All cells possess all the following components EXCEPT A. cytoplasm. B. ribosomes. C. a nucleus. D. plasma/cell membrane.

74 Animal cells possess all the following components EXCEPT A. A nucleus and ribosomes. B. Chloroplasts and a large central vacoule B. Mitochondria and cytoplasm. D. Plasma/cell membrane and centrioles.

75 Animal cells possess all the following components EXCEPT A. A nucleus and ribosomes. B. Chloroplasts and a large central vacoule B. Mitochondria and cytoplasm. D. Plasma/cell membrane and centrioles.

76 Which of the cell types below are prokaryotic cells A. Plant cells B. Animal cells. C. Fungi D. Bacteria

77 Which of the cell types below are prokaryotic cells A. Plant cells B. Animal cells. C. Fungi D. Bacteria

78 Many residents in a small town have developed a bacterial infection. Two students hypothesize that the bacteria are coming from the town s drinking water. They look for the bacteria in water samples from the lake that supplies 80 percent of the town s drinking water. When they find no bacteria, the students conclude that the town s residents are not getting the bacteria from their drinking water. Which is a source of error in the students experimental design? A. water from the lake was not tested for other possible pathogens B. residents of other nearby towns were not tested for the bacteria C. the residents' genetic predisposition for getting ill was not determined D. other sources of drinking water were not tested for bacteria

79 Many residents in a small town have developed a bacterial infection. Two students hypothesize that the bacteria are coming from the town s drinking water. They look for the bacteria in water samples from the lake that supplies 80 percent of the town s drinking water. When they find no bacteria, the students conclude that the town s residents are not getting the bacteria from their drinking water. Which is a source of error in the students experimental design? A. water from the lake was not tested for other possible pathogens B. residents of other nearby towns were not tested for the bacteria C. the residents' genetic predisposition for getting ill was not determined D. other sources of drinking water were not tested for bacteria