Bilateria. Radiata. Eumetazoa. Parazoa no true tissues. Multicellularity

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1 Quiz 1. What does porifera mean? 2. Class Hexactinellida's skeletal structure is made out of what material? 3. Characterized as large openings where water comes out 4. Cells responsible for the circulating of water inside the organism. 5. Give two ways in which Porifera reproduce asexually. Bonus: What is the scientific name of the ping pong tree sponge?

2 Bilateria Radiata Parazoa no true tissues Eumetazoa Multicellularity

3 Phylum Porifera The Hole-y Sponges Xestospongia (red barrel sponge) tube sponges branching sponge pore bearers With tiny openings all over their bodies ~9,000 extant spp., mostly marine

4 BODY PLAN Indonesian sponge Acanthella (elephant ear sponge) Asymmetrical Euplectella (Venus flower basket)

5 BODY PLAN large, cylindrical H 2 O pump Body wall around spongocoel Body wall = 2 layers of cells + gelatinous mesohyl Spongocoel = large central cavity Water flow: pores spongocoel osculum

6 BODY PLAN Simple body skeleton Spicules Spike-shaped structure Made of CaCO 3 or SiO 2 Used to classify sponges

7 BODY PLAN Cellular level of organization w/ few specialized cells (no true tissues) Choanocytes/collar cells w/ flagella that move steady current of H 2 O Similar to choanoflagellates (protozoans)

8 BODY PLAN Porocytes Form pores throughout the body wall Amoebocytes: migrate through the mesohyl Make spicules Digest food Transport food throughout the sponge Transport sperm to egg

9 FEEDING Filter feeders/suspension feeders Filter plankton from water Intracellular digestion Choanocytes trap food particles Choanocytes digest food/pass it to amoebocytes Amoebocytes digest food/transport food throughout sponge

10 RESPIRATION, CIRCULATION, EXCRETION Relies on H 2 O current w/in spongocoel Diffusion O 2 : H 2 O cells CO 2 & wastes: cells H 2 O

11 REPRODUCTION Asexual Budding + regeneration Gemmules: packets of several cell types Can survive harsh conditions

12 REPRODUCTION Sexual Hermaphroditic: amoebocytes produce both sperm and egg cells Cross-fertilization: sperm and egg produced at different times Internal fertilization: eggs fertilized inside sponge s body Sperm+egg zygote free-swimming, flagellated larva

13 Phylum Porifera Class Hexactinellida Glass Sponges Staurocalyptus Spicules made of SiO 2

14 Phylum Porifera Class Calcarea Calcareous Sponges Clathrina Spicules made of CaCO 3

15 Phylum Porifera Class Demospongiae Demosponges Petrosia Microciona Pseudoceratina With spongin fibers; some with SiO 2 spicules

16 Image Sources Animalia phylogenetic tree ictree/phylogenetictree.htm red barrel sponge, tube sponge, branching sponge, Indonesian sponge, spicules elephant ear sponge - 9x367.jpg Venus flower basket - sponge anatomy - spicules - choanoflagellates gemmules - sponges - w.html Staurocalyptus, Microciona - calcareous sponges demosponges -

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