3.1 Cell Theory. KEY CONCEPT Cells are the Basic unit of life.

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1 KEY CONCEPT Cells are the Basic unit of life. Macrophages (large tan cells) take in and digest foreign material, such as invading bacteria (small red cells). They play an important role in your immune system. Many macrophages travel the body, recognize foreign material, engulf it, and break it down using chemicals. They have an adaptable internal skeleton that helps them move and stretch out their arm to capture invading particles.

2 ! The cell theory grew out of the work of many scientists and improvements in the microscope. Many scientists contributed to the cell theory. v In 1665, the English scientist Robert Hooke used the three-lens compound microscope to examine thin slices of cork. Cork is the tough outer bark of a species of oak tree. v He observed that cork is made of tiny, hollow compartments. The compartments reminded Hooke of small rooms found in a monastery, so he gave them the same name: cells.

3 ! The cell theory grew out of the work of many scientists and improvements in the microscope. Many scientists contributed to the cell theory.

4 ! The cell theory grew out of the work of many scientists and improvements in the microscope. Many scientists contributed to the cell theory. v Anton van Leeuwenhoek, a Dutch tradesman, was studying new methods for making lenses to examine cloth. v As a result of his research, his single-lens microscopes were much more powerful than Hooke s crude compound microscope. v In 1674, Leeuwenhoek became one of the first people to describe living cells when he observed numerous single-celled organisms swimming in a drop of pond water.

5 ! The cell theory grew out of the work of many scientists and improvements in the microscope. Leeuwenhoek à animalcules from pond water.

6 ! The cell theory grew out of the work of many scientists and improvements in the microscope. Born the son of a basket-maker, Leeuwenhoek was trained as a draper, a fabric merchant. o He was accustomed to using magnifying Lenses to examine threads. At the age of 28, this successful merchant was appointed to a government position that ensured his financial security. o Free to train his microscope on the invisible world of living matter, Leeuwenhoek s work earned him the title of the Father of Microbiology. Such was his celebrity that he was visited by several reigning monarchs, including Queen Elizabeth I of England and Czar Peter the Great of Russia.

7 ! The cell theory grew out of the work of many scientists and improvements in the microscope. Many scientists contributed to the cell theory. v The German scientist Matthias Schleiden also used compound microscopes to study plant tissue. v In 1838, he proposed that plants are made of cells. v Schleiden originally studied law.

8 ! The cell theory grew out of the work of many scientists and improvements in the microscope. Many scientists contributed to the cell theory. v In 1839 Theodor Schwann concluded that all animals are made of cells. v Shortly thereafter, he published the first statement of the cell theory, concluding that all living things are made of cells and cell products. v Schwann was originally a medical doctor.

9 ! The cell theory grew out of the work of many scientists and improvements in the microscope. Many scientists contributed to the cell theory. v In 1855, Rudolf Virchow, another German scientist, reported that all cells come from preexisting cells. v Virchow was originally a medical doctor.

10 ! The cell theory grew out of the work of many scientists and improvements in the microscope. Many scientists contributed to the cell theory. More was learned about cells as microscopes improved.

11 ! The cell theory grew out of the work of many scientists and improvements in the microscope. Many scientists contributed to the cell theory. More was learned about cells as microscopes improved. The cell theory is a unifying concept of biology.

12 ! Early studies led to the development of the cell theory. The Cell theory has three principles. All organisms are made of cells.

13 ! Early studies led to the development of the cell theory. The Cell theory has three principles. All organisms are made of cells. All existing cells are produced by other living cells.

14 ! Early studies led to the development of the cell theory. The Cell theory has three principles. All organisms are made of cells. All existing cells are produced by other living cells. The cell is the most basic unit of life.

15 ! Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and most internal structures of eukaryotic cells. All cells share certain characteristics.

16 ! Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and most internal structures of eukaryotic cells. All cells share certain characteristics. Cells tend to be microscopic. Bacterium (colored SEM; magnification 8800x)

17 ! Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and most internal structures of eukaryotic cells. All cells share certain characteristics. Cells tend to be microscopic. All cells are enclosed by a membrane. cell membrane Bacterium (colored SEM; magnification 8800x)

18 ! Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and most internal structures of eukaryotic cells. All cells share certain characteristics. Cells tend to be microscopic. All cells are enclosed by a membrane. All cells are filled with cytoplasm. cell membrane cytoplasm Bacterium (colored SEM; magnification 8800x)

19 ! Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and most internal structures of eukaryotic cells. v In prokaryotic cells, such as this bacterium (top), DNA is suspended in the cytoplasm. v In eukaryotic cells, such as this protozoan (bottom), the nuclear envelope separates DNA from the cytoplasm.

20 ! There are two cell types: eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells.

21 ! There are two cell types: eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus. nucleus cell membrane

22 ! There are two cell types: eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus. Prokaryotic cells do not have membranebound organelles. nucleus organelles cell membrane

23 ! There are two cell types: eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus. nucleus organelles cell membrane

24 ! There are two cell types: eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus. Prokaryotic cells do not have membrane-bound organelles. nucleus organelles cell membrane cytoplasm

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