SEKOLAH MENENGAH LAKI-LAKI METHODIST, K.L TEACHING & LESSONS PLAN BIOLOGY FORM SIX SECOND TERM 2017 TOPICS/THEMES LEARNING OUTCOMES TEACHING AIDS

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1 SEKOLAH MENENGAH LAKI-LAKI METHODIST, K.L TEACHING & LESSONS PLAN BIOLOGY FORM SIX SECOND TERM SECOND TERM: PHYSIOLOGY Week days 7 Gas Exchange 1 Candidates should be able to: 1 Jan 6 Jan 7.1 Gaseous exchange in Humans ( 7 (a) outline the structure of human respiratory, including the microscopic structure of the wall of an alveolus; (b) describe the structure of haemoglobin; (c) explain the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in blood; (d) explain the oxygen dissociation curves of haemoglobin, myoglobin and foetal haemoglobin; (e) explain the Bohr effect and relate it to the oxygen dissociation curve. 1 9 Jan 10 Jan 7. Breathing cycle (3 (a) explain the control of breathing mechanism, including the role of chemoreceptor; (b) define tidal volume, vital capacity, total lung capacity, inspiratory reserve volume,expiratory reserve volume and residual volume. 11 Jan -13 Jan 7.3 Gaseous exchange in Plants ( 8 Transport in Animals and Plants (16 a) describe the structure and functions of stomata; (b) describe the mechanism of opening and closing of stomata based on potassium ion accumulation hypothesis. Candidates should be able to: (a) describe the structure of a mammalian heart; (b) define systole and diastole, and explain the sequence of events in a cardiac cycle including changes in pressure and volume in aorta, Experiment 8 Title: Dissection of the mammalian

2 3 16 Jan 0 Jan 8.1 Transport in Mammals (8 left atrium and left ventricle; (c) describe the initiation and regulation of heart beat; (d) explain hypertension, atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis and myocardial infarction, and state their causes and preventions; (e) describe the lymphatic in relation to the blood circulatory ; (f) determine the direction of fluid movement at the arterial and venous ends of the capillaries by calculating the differences between osmotic pressuresolute potential and hydrostatic pressure. Weekdays respiratory 3 Experiment 9 Title: Dissection of the mammalian blood circulatory 4 3 Jan 7 Jan 8. Transport in vascular plants ( 8 (a) explain the uptake of water and mineral ions from the soil by the root hairs involving water potential; (b) describe the apoplast, symplast and vacuolar pathway of water movement through the root tissues; (c) describe the root pressure, cohesion-tension theory and transpiration pull in relation to water movement from the roots to leaves; (d) explain translocation using the mass flow,electro-osmosis, cytoplasmic streaming and peristaltic waves hypotheses; (e) explain the concept of source and sink, and phloem loading and unloading in translocation according to pressure flow hypothesis. 4 5 CUTI TAHUN BARU CINA : 30 Jan 03 Feb Feb 10 Feb 9 Control and Regulation ( periods ) 9.1 Nervous (16 (a) describe the organisation of the nervous in humans; (b) explain the formation of resting and action potentials; (c) describe the characteristics of nerve impulse; (d) describe the structure of synapse, and explain the role of neurotransmitters (acetylcholine and norepinephrine); (e) explain and compare the mechanisms of impulse transmission along the axon and across the synapse; 5 (f) describe the structure of neuromuscular junction and sarcomere;

3 7 13 Feb 17 Feb 8 (g) explain the role of sarcoplasmic reticulum, calcium ions, myofibril and T tubules in muscle contraction; (h) explain the mechanism of muscle contraction according to the sliding filament hypothesis; (i) compare the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous s; (j) explain the mechanisms of drug action on nervous and neuromuscular junction (cocaine and curare). 3 0 Feb -4Feb 9. Hormones (6 : (a) explain the mechanisms of action of steroid hormone and nonsteroid hormones; (b) explain the roles of plant hormones in growth and development; (c) explain the mechanism of phytochrome action and their roles in photoperiodism and flowering; (d) outline the application of plant growth regulators (synthetic auxin, synthetic gibberellins, and synthetic ethylene) in agriculture. 5 Week days 9 7 Feb-0 Mac 10 Reproduction, Development and Growth ( Sexual reproduction in humans (6 period) (a) outline spermatogenesis and oogenesis; (b) describe the passage and development of sperms from the testis to the oviduct for fertilisation; (c) describe the process of fertilisation and implantation; (d) describe the roles of hormones in menstrual cycle and pregnancy; (e) describe briefly the stages in embryonic development; (f) explain the roles of placenta, chorion, amniotic fluid and allantois in foetal development; (g) explain the process of parturition. Experiment 10 Title: Dissection of the mammalian urino-genital Experiment 11 Tittle: Embryogenesis in human Sexual (a) outline double fertilisation;

4 03 Mac reproduction in flowering plants ( (b) describe the embryonic development in seed and formation of fruit Mac 10.3 Seed germination (1 period) : (a) explain the mobilisation of nutrients after imbibition in seed germination; (b) state the external factors affecting germination Mac -10 Mac 10.4 Growth curves and patterns of growth (4 a) explain the types of growth curves (absolute growth curve, absolute growth rate curve and relative growth rate curve); (b) explain with examples the patterns of growth (limited growth in humans, unlimited growth in perennial plant, allometric growth in humans, isometric growth in fish and intermittent growth in insect); (c) explain the processes of ecdysis and metamorphosis in insects, and relate the role of hormones (neurosecretory hormone, juvenile hormone and ecdysone) in these processes Homeostasis (10 13 Mac Importance of Mac Homeostasis ( Week days (a) explain the importance of homeostasis; (b) describe the homeostatic control in mammals; (c) explain the physiological and behavioural control in thermoregulation of endotherms. 1 CUTI PERTENGAHAN PENGGAL 1 : 0 Mac - 6 Mac Mac- 8Mac 11. Liver (4 (a) describe the structure of liver, and explain the roles of its components; (b) describe carbohydrate metabolism in the liver (glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis); (c) describe protein metabolism (transamination,deamination and urea formation) in the liver. Expt: 1 Examination os slides kidney, liver and pancreas

5 13 9Mac- 30Mac 11.3 Osmoregulation in Mammals (3 (a) explain the process of ultrafiltration, reabsorption and secretion in the formation of urine; (b) explain the role of ADH and aldosterone, and the related hormones in regulating water,sodium and potassium ions of urine; (c) explain the regulation of ph of tissue fluid MAc 11.4 Osmoregulation in Plants (1 period) (a) describe the role of stomata in regulation of water loss, and explain the importance of transpiration; (b) describe the various types of plant adaptations to prevent water loss (halophytes and xerophytes) Apr 04 Apr 1 Immunity (10 1. Development of immunity ( 3 (a) explain cell-mediated and humoral immune responses; (b) outline the antigen-antibody reactions (precipitation, agglutination, neutralisation,complement fixation) Apr-06Apr 1.3 Concept of self and non-self (3 (a) explain the concept of self and non-self and relate this to tissue rejection in organ transplant; Apr 1.4 Immune disorder (1 period) (a) describe autoimmune disorder (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)). (b) explain the mechanism of immune suppression (HIV infection). Week days 10 Apr 13 Infectious Diseases ( Infectious disease ( 1 (a) explain what is meant by an infection and an infectious disease; (b) outline the types of infectious agents.

6 10 Apr 13. Dengue (a) describe the causes and symptoms of dengue; (b) explain the transmission of dengue; prevention of dengue Apr 13.3 Cholera (a) describe the causes and symptoms of cholera; (b) explain the transmission of cholera; prevention of cholera. 1.Apr 13.4 Tuberculosis (TB) (3 (a) describe the causes and symptoms of tuberculosis (TB); (b) explain the transmission of TB; prevention of TB. 13Apr -14 Apr 13.5 Malaria (3 (a) describe the causes and symptoms of malaria; (b) explain the transmission of malaria; prevention of malaria. PRESENTATI ON 16 TRIAL EXAMINATION PAPER (18 Apr 1 Apr 017) 17-0 REVISION (4 Apr 19 Mei 017) 1 STPM PAPER ( ) -3 CUTI PERTENGAHAN TAHUN ( )

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