What kind of cell does it occur in? Produces diploid or haploid cells? How many cell divisions? Identical cells or different cells?

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1 Mitosis Meiosis What kind of cell does it occur in? Produces diploid or haploid cells? How many cell divisions? Identical cells or different cells? Ultimately produces cells that are how many N?

2 Mitosis Meiosis What kind of cell does it occur in? somatic sex Produces diploid or haploid cells? diploid haploid How many cell divisions? 1 2 Identical cells or different cells? IDENTICAL DIFFERENT Ultimately produces cells that are how many N? 2N N

3 3) The phase in mitosis when chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell is. 4) The stage of mitosis when the number of chromosomes doubles. 5) The last stage of mitosis when the cleavage furrow forms and the cells are almost completely divided is. 6) The phase in between cell divisions, when the cell is doing its normal cellular jobs is.

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5 A Martian cell has 6 PAIRS of chromosomes. If it goes through MITOSIS, what is the end product? [3 points] A.Two somatic cells, each with 3 chromosomes B.Two somatic cells, each with 6 chromosomes C.Two somatic cells, each with 12 chromosomes D.Four gametes, each with 3 chromosomes E.Four gametes, each with 6 chromosomes

6 A Martian cell has 6 PAIRS of chromosomes. If it goes through MEIOSIS, what is the end product? [3 points] A.Two somatic cells, each with 3 chromosomes B.Two somatic cells, each with 6 chromosomes C.Two somatic cells, each with 12 chromosomes D.Four sex cells, each with 3 chromosomes E.Four sex cells, each with 6 chromosomes

7 What would this celebrity baby look like???

8 + =???

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10 If these two had a baby

11 It would look like this.

12 If they had a baby

13 It would look like this.

14 Overview Genetics: how your DNA affects the way you look To understand genetics you need to know some basic vocab Make sure you have your Guided Notes sheet out.

15 Key Point #1 Genes are the code for traits passed down from parents to offspring Trait a characteristic Examples?

16 Gene The part of your DNA that controls a certain trait You have a gene that codes for hair color, eye color, height, etc

17 Key Point #2 a. There are many different options for each gene. These options are called ALLELES. GENE = hair color ALLELE= black or blonde GENE = eye color ALLELE= blue or brown b. You have 2 alleles for each trait. One from your mom and one from your dad.

18 Dominant v. Recessive Alleles can be either DOMINANT or RECESSIVE

19 Dominant v. Recessive Genes are either dominant or recessive DOMINANT is expressed over recessive

20 Alleles are represented with letters Capital letters represent a dominant allele n Example n T= tall Lower case letter represent a recessive allele n Example n t= short

21 Key Point #3 Physical traits are determined by the combination of alleles inherited from parents. For each trait you have a genotype and a phenotype.

22 Genotype A genotype is just the combination of alleles from the parents Allele from Parent 1: T=tall Allele from Parent 2: t=short Genotype= Tt

23 Vocab Homozygous: two of the SAME gene Heterozygous: two DIFFERENT genes

24 Genotypes There are 3 possible genotypes Genotype BB, TT, PP What do we call this? Homozygous dominant: two dominant alleles bb, tt, pp Bb, Tt, Pp Homozygous recessive: two recessive alleles Heterozygous: one dominant allele and one recessive allele

25 PHENOTYPE Physical characteristics (Tall, Brown eyes) ph- like ph-oto, or ph-ysical

26 Phenotype The phenotype is determined by the genotype. Let s look at an example T= Allele for tall t= Allele for short Genotype Homozygous Dominant TT Homozygous Recessive tt Heterozygous Tt Phenotype tall short tall

27 Easy way to remember Genotype à GENE

28 Phenotype à Photo à Physical characteristics

29 Green = Genotype Pink = Phenotype Is this a genotype or phenotype???

30 Green = Genotype Pink = Phenotype Is this a genotype or phenotype???

31 Green = Genotype Pink = Phenotype Is this a genotype or phenotype???

32 Green = Genotype Pink = Phenotype Is this a genotype or phenotype???

33 Green = Genotype Pink = Phenotype Is this a genotype or phenotype??? AA

34 Green = Genotype Pink = Phenotype Is this a genotype or phenotype??? AA

35 Green = Genotype Pink = Phenotype Is this a genotype or phenotype??? Brown Eyes

36 Green = Genotype Pink = Phenotype Is this a genotype or phenotype??? Brown Eyes

37 Green = Genotype Pink = Phenotype Is this a genotype or phenotype???

38 Green = Genotype Pink = Phenotype Is this a genotype or phenotype???

39 Tiny bit harder Green = Genotype Pink = Phenotype Daniel has a dominant allele for brown hair from his father and a recessive allele for blond hair from his mother. Is this a genotype or phenotype? Chelsea has brown eyes. Is this a genotype or phenotype? Blake has two dominant alleles for brown eyes. Is this a genotype or phenotype? Ms. James has brown hair. Is this a genotype or phenotype? Brianne has two recessive alleles for tongue rolling. Is this a genotype or phenotype?

40 Whiteboard time

41 BB is zygous

42 Xx is zygous

43 kk is zygous

44 Tall is dominant over short (use t ) What is the genotype of a heterozygous plant?

45 Tall is dominant over short (use t ) What is the genotype of a homozygous tall plant?

46 Tall is dominant over short (use t ) What is the genotype of a homozygous recessive plant?

47 Suppose T= tall, t = short What would a TT plant look like?

48 Suppose T= tall, t = short What genotype(s) could a short plant have?

49 Guided Practice The bunnies of the forests of Louisiana can either be brown or black. Brown (B) is dominant to black (b). Write all the genotypes possible for a brown bunny. What would the phenotype be for a bunny with the genotype of Bb? What would be the phenotype of a bunny with the genotype of BB?

50 Guided Practice Hitchhiker s thumb is a trait in humans. Normal thumbs are dominant to Hitchhiker s thumb. Using the letter H, show an individual who is homozygous recessive for the gene for hitchhiker s thumb. What does H represent? What is this person s phenotype? Write the genotype for someone heterozygous. What is this person s genotype?

51 Guided Practice During Mendel s study of pea plants, he saw that the peas themselves were either green or yellow. Yellow (Y) is dominant to green (y). What is the genotype of a green pea? What is the genotype of a yellow pea? What is phenotype of a pea plant that is YY? What is the phenotype of a heterozygous pea plant?

52 Guided Practice People can have either free or attached earlobes. Free is dominant to attached. What does F represent? What phenotype is someone who is Ff? What phenotype is someone who is ff? What phenotype is someone who is homozygous dominant?