Science is the use of EVIDENCE to put together TESTABLE explanations and PREDICTIONS of the NATURAL world. Scientists also can gather KNOWLEDGE

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Chester Collins
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2 Science is the use of EVIDENCE to put together TESTABLE explanations and PREDICTIONS of the NATURAL world. Scientists also can gather KNOWLEDGE though this PROCESS.

powers or mystical entities) Scientists must

3 What is or is NOT science? Scientific research NEVER concerns SUPERNATURAL events (ex. ghosts, telekinesis, and other forms of psychic powers or mystical entities) Scientists must collect and organize information looking for patterns and connections then propose explanations based on data evidence, NOT BELIEF.

Scientific Theory: a tested, highly reliable

repeated observations, durable, and well supported

Scientific theories are subject to revision and

4 Scientific Theory: a tested, highly reliable scientific explanations of the natural world based on repeated observations, durable, and well supported hypothesis. Scientific theories are subject to revision and correction, even to the point of the theory being wrong. Geocentric Theory Peer-reviewed journals Flat Earth Theory

5 Biology tools 1. Light Microscopes produce magnified images by focusing visible light rays. Magnify up to 1000x Can observe live specimens (eyepiece X objective= magnification) *OUR microscope is NOT strong enough to be used to see bacteria or viruses

6 2. Electron Microscopes produce magnified images by focusing on beams of electrons. Cannot observe live specimens (specimens are destroyed). Used to magnify specimens LIGHT microscopes cannot see ex. viruses

7 3. Cell Cultures a laboratory technique in which one cell is able to reproduce/grow a group of cells Ex. Bacteria in a petri dish

Genetics: provides geneticists with a clearer picture of DNA, it also helps prepare DNA for family

8 4. Gel electrophoresis: is a method for separation and analysis of macromolecules (DNA, RNA and proteins) and their fragments, based on their size. Forensics: used to obtain a DNA fingerprint of a criminal. Genetics: provides geneticists with a clearer picture of DNA, it also helps prepare DNA for family relations, cloning,and genetic engineering. Microbiology: process to help diagnose different strains of bacteria and viruses.

9 What is BIOLOGY? Biology is the study of life. The prefix bios means life The suffix logy means study of

10 Studying Life Branches of Biology 1. Zoologists study animals 2. Botanists study plants 3. Paleontologist study ancient life What do you think microbiology means?

11 Biotic Factors: All the living things that directly or indirectly affect the ecosystem Abiotic Factors: The prefix a means non or not All the non-living parts of the environment Ex. fire, soil, rainfall, sun Abiotic factors affect the ability of organisms to live and reproduce

12 8 characteristics of life- Video U: Universal Genetic Code a. All living things are based on a UNIVERSAL GENETIC CODE b. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or RNA (ribonucleic acid) ; heredity information passed from parent to offspring O: Organized of Cells a. Unicellular one SINGLE cell b. Multicellular MANY cells; can have SPECIALIZATION of cells to perform a different function.

14 8 characteristics of life R: Reproduction a. Sexual reproduction - cells from different parents unite to form a new cell b. Asexual reproduction- single parent

15 8 characteristics of life 1. Living things maintain a stable internal balance through homeostasis. Example: Keeping the body constant. ex: 98.6 degrees F ex. sweating vs. shivering H: HOMEOSTASIS

16 8 characteristics of life M: Metabolism (Energy Usage) a. Autotrophic makes OWN energy to use *photosynthesis b. Heterotrophic must CONSUME energy from other organisms c. Decomposers obtains energy from dead remains of organisms

18 8 characteristics of life A: Adapt (Change over time) Adaptations are traits inherited by an organism (given by parents) that gives them an advantage in a certain environment. change over time (generations) enabling species to survive.

19 8 characteristics of life G: Grow and Develop a. Unicellular grows in size/mass b. Multicellular changes through differentiation, a change in shape and size R: Respond to Environment a. Organisms detect stimuli from the environment; a stimulus is a signal to which an organism responds (temp, light, smell) ex: migration due to change in weather

20 8 Characteristics of Life row and Develop! espond to the environment! Just remember GRUMAHOR! niversal GENETIC CODE! etabolize ENERGY! dapt omeostasis INTERNAL BALANCE! rganized of CELLS! eproduce to make more organisms!

21 Virus Is it Alive??? PROS: 1. Contain genetic info (DNA/RNA) 2. Have a protein coat 3. Able to replicate WITH A LIVING HOST ONLY CONS: 1. Are NOT cells 2. Do NOT metabolize energy 3. Cannot grow or replicate without living host (dormant) What do you think?

Chapter 1 Biology 103

Chapter 1 Biology 103 Properties of Life Living organisms: are composed of cells are complex and ordered respond to their environment can grow and reproduce obtain and use energy maintain internal balance