Unit B1 Influence on Life. (EdExcel)
|
|
- Noah Blake
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Unit B1 Influence on Life (EdExcel)
2 Topic 1 - Classification
3 Classification The world is populated by millions of different species of animals and plants
4 Classification How would you construct a key to classify these organisms?
5 Classifying organisms All organisms are classified into groups. For example: What is the main difference between these? Plants Organism Animals Vertebrates Invertebrates Amphibians Birds Reptiles Fish Mammals These 5 are called classes what s the difference between each of these classes? How would you decide, for example, if a whale is a mammal or a fish?
6 Classifying fungi, bacteria, algae and viruses Fungi are not classed as plants as they have no and no cell wall, so they have their own. Bacteria have no and so they are in the prokaryote kingdom Algae have features of both plants and and are placed in the protoctist kingdom. Viruses are regarded as so they have no kingdom. Words non-living, nuclei, chloroplasts, kingdom, animals
7 Classification Organisms are classified using the following levels: Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
8 Classification Consider, for example, a dog: Kingdom - Animalia Phylum - Chordata Class - Mammalia Order - Carnivora Family - Canidae Genus - Canis Species C. lupus
9 The 5 Kingdoms The 5 Kingdoms that organisms are classified by are: Animalia Plantae Fungi Protoctista Prokaryotes Multicellular, don t have cell walls or chlorophyll Multicellular, have cell walls and chlorophyll Multicellular, have cell walls but no cholophyll Unicellular, have a nucleus Unicellular, have no nucleus
10 The Virus Living or non-living? Is a virus alive? It contains genes It can reproduce Is a virus not alive? It can only reproduce within a host It has no metabolism Overall, scientists class them as non-living
11 Vertebrates Vertebrates are organisms with backbones and they are all members of the phylum chordata, meaning organism with a supporting rod running the length of the body. Some examples:
12 Vertebrate or invertebrate? Vertebrates Invertebrates
13 Differences between vertebrates Vertebrates have a number of significant differences. Describe how each of the following species: 1) Absorb oxygen 2) Reproduce 3) Regulate their body temperature
14 Naming Species The Binomial System Dog Canis lupus familiaris Wasp vespula germanica Human homo sapien I invented the modern system of naming species. I did this so that species would have the same name in every language and so that we would have a greater ability to study and conserve different species. Carolus Linnaeus,
15 Zebroid Geep Reproduction between species A species is defined as when organisms reproduce with each other to produce fertile offspring. Different species can sometimes mate and have offspring but they would be infertile. Some examples: Mule Liger
16 Similar Species Ways in which sharks and dolphins are similar: Ways in which sharks and dolphins are different:
17 Problems with classifying species Ring species these two different types of gull can breed with the same other gulls but not with each other, so are they the same species? Hybridisation sometimes different species can interbreed and produce fertile offspring (unlike the geep) so which species is the offspring?
18 Adaptation Organisms are ADAPTED to the habitat they live in. In other words, they have special features that help them to survive. Some examples:
19
20
21 P
22
23 Extreme environments Mountains The Arctic Deep sea volcanic vents
24 Evolution Charles Darwin ( ) Evolution is the theory of slow, continual change of organisms over a very long time. All living things on the Earth have supposedly developed from the first simple life forms that arrived 3,000,000,000 years ago.
25 The Evolution Tree Family Hylobatidae (Lesser Apes) Subfamily Ponginae Family Hominidae (Great Apes) Subfamily Hominidae Tribe Panini Tribe Homini Tribe Gorillini Gibbons Orangutans Chimpanzees Gorillas Humans
26 Evolution The main evidence for my theory came from fossil records. However, these records didn t exist when I came up with my theory. Also, there was little evidence about how species evolved so few people believed my ideas. These days scientists understand that the process that causes evolution is called Natural selection and it works like this:
27 4) These survivors will pass on their better genes to their offspring who will also show this beneficial variation. The smallernecked giraffe will eventually die out. Natural Selection 1) Each species shows variation and they overpopulate they produce more offspring than will survive to adulthood: Get off my land 2) There is competition within each species for food, living space, water, mates etc 3) The better adapted members of these species are more likely to survive Survival of the Fittest Harsh Yum
28 A smaller example Bacteria provide evidence for Darwin s theory by showing the same natural selection to become immune to antibiotics: Bacteria 1) Mutation some strains of bacteria can develop to the antibiotics. No effect!! 2) The non-resistant bacteria are by the. 3) The resistant bacteria and pass on their mutations to their. Don t use antibiotics unless you need to!! Penicillin Words offspring, resistance, killed, antibiotics, reproduce
29 An example the peppered moth
30 Variation Variation means differences within a species. For example, consider some of the people in your class: Ways in which they are the same Ways in which they are different Would you class these variations as continuous or discontinuous?
31 Environmental differences Some of this variation is due to our parents, but some of it is due to our upbringing and the environment in which we live this is called Environmental variation. Variation due to inheritance only Variation due to environment only Variation due to a bit of both
32 Geographic isolation Different species can be formed by geographic isolation, for example, consider an African elephant: 1) Elephants are separated by a geographic feature e.g. a 2) Elephants on each side of the mountain have different in their pool 3) Their die out and the offspring are so genetically removed that they re incapable of with each other they re now different Words species, mutations, mountain, gene, ancestors, reproducing
33 Validating New Evidence Whenever new evidence is discovered it always has to be validated by the scientific community, for example by: Peer review Publishing findings in a scientific journal Scientific conferences
34 Genes, Chromosomes and DNA
35 Sexual Reproduction The human egg and sperm cell contain 23 chromosomes each. When fertilisation happens the gametes fuse together to make a single cell called a ZYGOTE. The zygote has 46 chromosomes (23 pairs).
36 Boy or Girl? X Y X Allele Girl XX XY Boy
37 Mother Boy or Girl? Son Father Daughter
38 Key words Genotype Phenotype Allele Dominant Recessive Homozygous This allele determines the development of a characteristic The characteristic caused by the genotype This allele will determine a characteristic only if there are no dominant ones This word refers to a pair of chromosomes being made of two different alleles of a gene The genetic make up in a nucleus This word refers to a pair of chromosomes being made of two of the same alleles of a gene An alternative form of a gene Heterozygous
39 Eye colour In eye colour the brown eye allele is dominant, so we call it B, and the blue eye is recessive, so we call it b: BB Bb bb Homozygous brown-eyed parent Heterozygous brown-eyed parent Blue-eyed parent What would the offspring have?
40 Eye colour Example 1: A homozygous brown-eyed parent and a blue-eyed parent: Example 2: 2 heterozygous brown-eyed parents Parents: BB X bb Bb X Bb Gametes: B B b b B b B b (FOIL) Offspring: Bb Bb Bb Bb BB Bb bb bb All offspring have brown eyes 25% chance of blue eyes
41 Eye colour Example 3: A heterozygous brown-eyed father and a blue-eyed mother: Bb bb B b b b Equal (50%) chance of being either brown eyed or blue eyed. Bb Bb bb bb
42 Another method the Punnett Square Example 3: A heterozygous brown-eyed father and a blue-eyed mother: Mother Father B b b Bb bb b Bb bb
43 Example questions 1) In mice, white fur is dominant. What type of offspring would you expect from a cross between a heterozygous individual and one with grey fur? Explain your answer with a genetic diagram. 2) A homozygous long-tailed cat is crossed with a homozygous short-tailed cat and produces a litter of 9 long-tailed kittens. Show the probable offspring which would be produced if two of these kittens were mated and describe the characteristics of the offspring (hint: work out the kitten s genotype first).
44 Inherited diseases 1) Cystic fibrosis a disease that causes thick and sticky mucus to coat the lungs, gut and pancreas. It s caused by recessive alleles: Ff X Ff 2) Huntingdon's disease a disease of the nervous system that causes shaking and eventually dementia. It s caused by a dominant allele: Cc X cc 3) Sickle cell anaemia a disease that alters the shape of red blood cells, thereby reducing their oxygen capacity, causing weakness and anaemia. It s caused by recessive alleles: Ss X Ss
45 Family Pedigree Charts Consider the following chart of the offspring and grandchildren between two sickle-cell anaemia carriers: Key: = male = female = S allele = s allele Q. Describe the genotype and the phenotype of each of the grandchildren. Also, which member of this family has got sickle-cell anaemia?
Inheritance, Variation and Evolution. AQA Biology topic 6
Inheritance, Variation and Evolution AQA Biology topic 6 6.1 Reproduction Sexual Reproduction The human egg and sperm cell contain 23 chromosomes each. We have similar characteristics to our parents due
More informationInheritance part 1 AnswerIT
Inheritance part 1 AnswerIT 1. What is a gamete? A cell with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell. 2. Name the male and female gametes in a) a human b) a daisy plant a) Male = sperm Female
More informationKingdoms in Eukarya: Protista, Fungi, Plantae, & Animalia Each Eukarya kingdom has distinguishing characteristics:
NAME pg. 1 Classification Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus species Eukarya Animalia Chordata Mammalia Primate Hominidae Homo sapiens Mnemonic: DUMB KING PHILIP CAME OVER FOR GOOD SOUP Domain
More informationScience Unit Learning Summary
Learning Summary Inheritance, variation and evolution Content Sexual and asexual reproduction. Meiosis leads to non-identical cells being formed while mitosis leads to identical cells being formed. In
More informationBiology. Revisiting Booklet. 6. Inheritance, Variation and Evolution. Name:
Biology 6. Inheritance, Variation and Evolution Revisiting Booklet Name: Reproduction Name the process by which body cells divide:... What kind of cells are produced this way? Name the process by which
More informationAny evidence of an organism that lived long ago. Sedimentary. Relative Dating. Absolute Dating
A fossil is: Any evidence of an organism that lived long ago Sedimentary Rock Almost all fossils are found in How do scientists determine the age of fossils? Relative Dating Absolute Dating The deeper
More information1 billion years. ago the first. multi-cellular organisms
Life on Earth (OCR) Life developing on Earth 4 billion years ago the Earth is formed 1 billion years ago the first multi-cellular organisms 200,000 years ago the first humans (homosapiens) 3.5 billion
More informationPart 2- Biology Paper 2 Inheritance and Variation Knowledge Questions
Part 2- Biology Paper 2 Inheritance and Variation Knowledge Questions AQA TRILOGY Biology (8464) from 2016 Topic T4.6 Inheritance, variation and evolution Topic Student Checklist R A G Describe features
More informationScientists look at structures inside cells to classify living things. Suggest one structure found in cells that can be used to classify living things.
Living things can be classified into groups. Scientists look at structures inside cells to classify living things. Suggest one structure found in cells that can be used to classify living things. () The
More informationGo through your revision tracker so far
REVISION NOTES: SUMMARY OF B1 TOPIC 1: Classification and genetics. Go through your revision tracker so far I can do this very well: I think I can remember this even without revision I can do this quite
More informationClassification Revision Pack (B2)
Grouping Organisms: All organisms (living things) are classified into a number of different groups. The first, most broad group is a kingdom. The last, most selective group is a species there are fewer
More information1. Evolution and Classification
1. Evolution and Classification 1.1 Origin of Life and Plants 1.2 Animal Evolution 1.3 Human Evolution 1.4 Mechanisms of Evolution 1.5 Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium 1.6 Mechanisms of Speciation 1.7 Classification
More informationBIOLOGY FINAL EXAM REVIEW SHEET Chapters 10-15, 17-30
Name Hour Due Date: BIOLOGY FINAL EXAM REVIEW SHEET Chapters 10-15, 17-30 The exam was prepared by the Biology teachers in the science departments of CVHS and DHS. 1. What is a Punnett Square? 2. Cross
More informationObjectives. Classification. Activity. Scientists classify millions of species
Objectives Classification Notes 8.1 Summarize classification Describe the evidence used to classify organisms. List the seven levels of classification. Describe and list the six kingdoms of living organisms
More informationNOTES CH 24: The Origin of Species
NOTES CH 24: The Origin of Species Species Hummingbirds of Costa Rica SPECIES: a group of individuals that mate with one another and produce fertile offspring; typically members of a species appear similar
More informationClassification of organisms. The grouping of objects or information based on similarities Taxonomy: branch of biology that classifies organisms
Bell Work: Think about your CD, video game, DVD or book collection at home. How would you separate this collection into different groups? What would the groups be? Try to come up with 4 or 5. Classification
More informationQ2 (4.6) Put the following in order from biggest to smallest: Gene DNA Cell Chromosome Nucleus. Q8 (Biology) (4.6)
Q1 (4.6) What is variation? Q2 (4.6) Put the following in order from biggest to smallest: Gene DNA Cell Chromosome Nucleus Q3 (4.6) What are genes? Q4 (4.6) What sort of reproduction produces genetically
More informationSpeciation and Classification
Speciation and Classification Species- a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring Forming a new species Each population of a single species lives in a different place.
More informationNOTES CH 17 Evolution of. Populations
NOTES CH 17 Evolution of Vocabulary Fitness Genetic Drift Punctuated Equilibrium Gene flow Adaptive radiation Divergent evolution Convergent evolution Gradualism Populations 17.1 Genes & Variation Darwin
More informationChapter 18: Classification
Chapter 18: Classification Dichotomous Key A way to identify unknown organisms Contains major characteristics of groups of organisms Pairs of CONTRASTING descriptions 4. After each description key either
More informationWhat is evolution? Explain what you know.
What is evolution? Explain what you know. EXPLORING CHANGE OVER TIME HOW DID ORGANISMS EVOLVE? Evolution is the change in heritable traits through generations CHANGE OVER TIME Occurs in populations, not
More informationREVISION: GENETICS & EVOLUTION 20 MARCH 2013
REVISION: GENETICS & EVOLUTION 20 MARCH 2013 Lesson Description In this lesson, we revise: The principles of Genetics including monohybrid crosses Sex linked traits and how to use a pedigree chart The
More informationHow related are organisms?
The Evolution and Classification of Species Darwin argued for adaptive radiation in which demes spread out in a given environment and evolved How related are organisms? Taonomy the science of classifying
More informationGuided Notes: Evolution. is the change in traits through generations over! Occurs in, NOT individual organisms
Guided Notes: Evolution The Theory of Evolution is the change in traits through generations over! Occurs in, NOT individual organisms How Have Organisms Changed? At the time life emerged, the Earth was
More information1 In 2006, the scientific journal, Nature, reported the discovery of a fossil from around 380 million
1 In 2006, the scientific journal, Nature, reported the discovery of a fossil from around 380 million years ago. It was given the name Tiktaalik roseae. This fossil has some features in common with fish
More informationWhat is classification? Basically classification is a fancy word for organization.
Classification What is classification? Basically classification is a fancy word for organization. Some Scientists believe there are as many as 200 million different kinds of living things on our planet.
More informationWhat is the structure of DNA?
NAME Biology Final Review Sem. II Genetics 1. Define: a. allele b. phenotype c. genotype d. recessive e. dominant f. heterozygous g. homozygous h. autosomes i. sex chromosomes j. Punnett square k. pedigree
More informationPage 2. M1.(a) (i) any two from:
M.(a) (i) (dead) animal buried in sediment allow imprint in mud hard parts / bones do not decay or soft parts do decay allow (one of) the conditions for decay is missing accept example, eg oxygen / water
More informationChapter 4 Warm Ups MRS. HILLIARD
Chapter 4 Warm Ups MRS. HILLIARD Work on all missing assignments and Test Remediation Topics Chapter 4 Vocabulary 1. Ecosystem- a community of organisms and their abiotic environment. 2. Biotic factor-
More informationLab 2A--Life on Earth
Lab 2A--Life on Earth Geology 1402 Chapters 3 & 7 in the textbook 1 A comment Many people including professional scientist are skeptical of evolution or outright reject it. I am not attempting to change
More informationThe Road to the Six Kingdoms
Bio 2201 Unit 2 The Road to the Six Kingdoms A 2011study estimated there are about 8.6 million species on earth. Only 1.8 million species have been identified and named. *Chromista is a sub-kingdom group
More informationBiology Semester 2 Final Review
Name Period Due Date: 50 HW Points Biology Semester 2 Final Review LT 15 (Proteins and Traits) Proteins express inherited traits and carry out most cell functions. 1. Give examples of structural and functional
More informationUnit Two: Biodiversity. Chapter 4
Unit Two: Biodiversity Chapter 4 A. Classifying Living Things (Ch.4 - page 100) Scientific knowledge is constantly evolving ( changing ): new evidence is discovered laws and theories are tested and possibly
More informationLesson 4: Understanding Genetics
Lesson 4: Understanding Genetics 1 Terms Alleles Chromosome Co dominance Crossover Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA Dominant Genetic code Genome Genotype Heredity Heritability Heritability estimate Heterozygous
More informationHow Biological Diversity Evolves
CHAPTER 14 How Biological Diversity Evolves PowerPoint Lectures for Essential Biology, Third Edition Neil Campbell, Jane Reece, and Eric Simon Essential Biology with Physiology, Second Edition Neil Campbell,
More informationSOL REVIEW cell structure, classification, genetic identity, and place in a food web.
SOL REVIEW Cryptozoology is the investigation of undiscovered organisms. A National Geographic photographer was investigating some sightings of the elusive Florida Skunk ape. The skunk ape is similar to
More information7 th Grade SCIENCE FINAL REVIEW Ecology, Evolution, Classification
7 th Grade SCIENCE FINAL REVIEW Ecology, Evolution, Classification ECOLOGY Students will be able to: Define species, population, community and ecosystem. species organisms that can mate and produce fertile
More informationBiology Classification Unit 11. CLASSIFICATION: process of dividing organisms into groups with similar characteristics
Biology Classification Unit 11 11:1 Classification and Taxonomy CLASSIFICATION: process of dividing organisms into groups with similar characteristics TAXONOMY: the science of classifying living things
More informationCharacteristics of Life
UNIT 2 BIODIVERSITY Chapter 4- Patterns of Life Biology 2201 Characteristics of Life All living things share some basic characteristics: 1) living things are organized systems made up of one or more cells
More informationB6 Inheritance, variation and evolution. AQA Biology GCSE Name. Biology GCSE
B6 Inheritance, variation and evolution AQA Biology GCSE 9-1 2018 Name. Biology GCSE 9-1 2018 1 B6 Inheritance, variation and evolution 6.1 Reproduction & inheritance page Sexual and asexual reproduction
More informationREVIEW 6: EVOLUTION. 1. Define evolution: Was not the first to think of evolution, but he did figure out how it works (mostly).
Name: REVIEW 6: EVOLUTION 1. Define evolution: 2. Modern Theory of Evolution: a. Charles Darwin: Was not the first to think of evolution, but he did figure out how it works (mostly). However, Darwin didn
More information4.6.1 Reproduction Sexual and asexual reproduction Meiosis. Key opportunities for. development. skills development
4.6 Inheritance, variation and evolution In this section we will discover how the number of chromosomes are halved during meiosis and then combined with new genes from the sexual partner to produce unique
More informationNOTES Ch 17: Genes and. Variation
NOTES Ch 17: Genes and Vocabulary Fitness Genetic Drift Punctuated Equilibrium Gene flow Adaptive radiation Divergent evolution Convergent evolution Gradualism Variation 17.1 Genes & Variation Darwin developed
More informationLIFE SCIENCES: PAPER I ANSWER BOOKLET
NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION NOVEMBER 2012 LIFE SCIENCES: PAPER I EXAMINATION NUMBER ANSWER BOOKLET There are (vi) pages in this Answer Booklet. QUESTION 1 1.1 Select the term in Column B that
More information1.1 Characteristics of Life Block: Date:
Biology 12 Name: 1.1 Characteristics of Life Block: Date: ization of Life (p. 3) Definition Cell Example Blood cell Tissue Muscle tissue Several tissues joined together to form a function system Circulatory
More informationUnit 4 Review - Genetics. UNIT 4 Vocabulary topics: Cell Reproduction, Cell Cycle, Cell Division, Genetics
Unit 4 Review - Genetics Sexual vs. Asexual Reproduction Mendel s Laws of Heredity Patterns of Inheritance Meiosis and Genetic Variation Non-Mendelian Patterns of Inheritance Cell Reproduction/Cell Cycle/
More informationFace area (cm 2 ) Brain surface area (cm 2 ) Cranial capacity (cm 3 ) 1, Jaw Angle ( º )
Honors Biology Test : Evolution GOOD LUCK! You ve learned so much! Multiple Choice: Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. (2 pts each) 1. As we move through the
More informationEducation Transformation Office (ETO) 8 th Grade Unit #4 Assessment
Education Transformation Office (ETO) 8 th Grade Unit #4 Assessment 1. Which of these shows the correct hierarchical sequence? A. organs cells tissues organ systems B. cells tissues organs organ systems
More informationUnit 9: Taxonomy (Classification) Notes
Name Exam Date Class Unit 9: Taxonomy (Classification) Notes What is Classification? is when we place organisms into based on their. Classification is also known as. Taxonomists are scientists that & organisms
More informationHEREDITY AND EVOLUTION
HEREDITY AND EVOLUTION 1. What is a gene? Answer. Gene is the unit of inheritance. Gene is the part of a chromosome which controls the appearance of a set of hereditary characteristics. 2. What is meant
More informationEvolution. Darwin s Voyage
Evolution Darwin s Voyage Charles Darwin Explorer on an observation trip to the Galapagos Islands. He set sail on the HMS Beagle in 1858 from England on a 5 year trip. He was a naturalist (a person who
More information4. Identify one bird that would most likely compete for food with the large tree finch. Support your answer. [1]
Name: Topic 5B 1. A hawk has a genetic trait that gives it much better eyesight than other hawks of the same species in the same area. Explain how this could lead to evolutionary change within this species
More informationFinal Exam Review. 1. Arrange the 7 levels of Linnaean classification from most general (ie: kingdom) to most specific (ie: species)
SBI 3U1 Final Exam Review Diversity 1. Arrange the 7 levels of Linnaean classification from most general (ie: kingdom) to most specific (ie: species) 2. a) Explain how the structure of prokaryotic cells
More informationgenome a specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another gene the passing of traits from one generation to the next
genetics the study of heredity heredity sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait genome a specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another gene trait the passing
More informationCharacteristics of Living Things Card Sort
Characteristics of Living Things Card Sort All of these terms are characteristics of organisms that allow scientists to classify (organize) them into groups. Chapter 9 in your text covers the characteristics
More informationPhylogeny 9/8/2014. Evolutionary Relationships. Data Supporting Phylogeny. Chapter 26
Phylogeny Chapter 26 Taxonomy Taxonomy: ordered division of organisms into categories based on a set of characteristics used to assess similarities and differences Carolus Linnaeus developed binomial nomenclature,
More informationObjective 3.01 (DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis)
Objective 3.01 (DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis) DNA Structure o Discovered by Watson and Crick o Double-stranded o Shape is a double helix (twisted ladder) o Made of chains of nucleotides: o Has four types
More informationIntroduction to Evolution
Introduction to Evolution What is evolution? A basic definition of evolution evolution can be precisely defined as any change in the frequency of alleles within a gene pool from one generation to the
More informationCell Division: the process of copying and dividing entire cells The cell grows, prepares for division, and then divides to form new daughter cells.
Mitosis & Meiosis SC.912.L.16.17 Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis and relate to the processes of sexual and asexual reproduction and their consequences for genetic variation. 1. Students will describe
More informationSG 9.2 notes Ideas about targets and terms: 9.2 In the past, all living things were classified in either the kingdom of animals or plants
Ideas about targets and terms: 9.2 In the past, all living things were classified in either the kingdom of animals or plants Euglena are singled celled organisms in pond water They are green, so contain,
More informationNatural Selection. Factors for Natural Selection: 1. Variation 2. Heritability 3. Overproduction (Overpopulation) 4. Reproductive Advantage
Natural Selection Variation: Heritability: Overproduction: Reproductive Advantage Driven by Environment Factors for Natural Selection: 1. Variation 2. Heritability 3. Overproduction (Overpopulation) 4.
More informationClassification of Living Things. Unit II pp 98
Classification of Living Things Unit II pp 98 Why There is a Need for Classifying There are over 2 million different types of organisms known. biologists can organize living things into groups. Taxonomy
More informationChapter 1. How Do Biologists Study Life?
Chapter 1 How Do Biologists Study Life? Biology is the study of life Biologists ask questions about all aspects of living organisms Bios logos means a discourse on life in Greek Biology has many sub-disciplines
More information#Evolution. Nothing in Biology makes sense except in the light of evolution.
#Evolution Nothing in Biology makes sense except in the light of evolution. The Theory of Evolution Change over time. People used to think that species did not change. DARWIN WAS NOT THE PERSON TO COME
More informationTIPS TO PREPARE FOR THE BIOLOGY 2 nd SEMESTER FINAL EXAM:
TIPS TO PREPARE FOR THE BIOLOGY 2 nd SEMESTER FINAL EXAM: FINAL EXAM DETAILS: 80 questions Multiple choice Will assess your mastery of the biological concepts covered in Units 3 and 4 Will assess your
More informationWhat is Evolution? Evolution = Most changes occur gradually, but can happen on a shorter time scale Variations in populations come from
Evolution Notes What is Evolution? Evolution = Most changes occur gradually, but can happen on a shorter time scale Variations in populations come from Time Line of Scientists 1785 proposes that the Earth
More informationWhat do plants compete for? What do animals compete for? What is a gamete and what do they carry? What is a gene?
How are these animals adapted to their surroundings: - a) Polar bear b) Camel c) Cactus What do plants compete for? What do animals compete for? What is a gamete and what do they carry? What is a gene?
More informationTHE THEORY OF EVOLUTION
THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION Name: Period: Date: I. Evolution- A brief overview EVOLUTION IS: 1. 2. Descent with modifications 3. Plants and animals of today are forms of plants and animals of the past 4. Organisms
More informationCell Cycle & Meiosis Student Edition
Name: Date: 1. Jack bought a small turtle. Three months later, the turtle had grown to twice its original size. Which of the following statements best describes why Jack s turtle got bigger? A. Parts of
More informationLIFE SCIENCE CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS
LIFE SCIENCE CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS What did Darwin NOT understand about the process of evolution? A. the slowness of the process B. the role of genetics C. the importance of separation D. the importance
More informationNatural Selection and Evolution
Natural Selection and Evolution Our plant has been evolving from its simplest beginnings into a vast range of organisms present today This has happened by natural selection Natural Selection and Evolution
More informationBiological Kingdoms. An introduction to the six kingdoms of living things
Biological Kingdoms An introduction to the six kingdoms of living things 3 Domains Archaea 6 Kingdoms Archaebacteria Bacteria Eubacteria Eukaryota Plantae Animalia Fungi Protista Domain Eukaryota Kingdom
More informationAdaptation and Change
Adaptation and Change An adaptation is any structure or behavioral trait that improves an organism's success at reproducing and surviving. Most adaptations serve one of three purposes: 1. help an organism
More informationChapter 5. Heredity. Table of Contents. Section 1 Mendel and His Peas. Section 2 Traits and Inheritance. Section 3 Meiosis
Heredity Table of Contents Section 1 Mendel and His Peas Section 2 Traits and Inheritance Section 3 Meiosis Section 1 Mendel and His Peas Objectives Explain the relationship between traits and heredity.
More informationTopic 7: Evolution. 1. The graph below represents the populations of two different species in an ecosystem over a period of several years.
1. The graph below represents the populations of two different species in an ecosystem over a period of several years. Which statement is a possible explanation for the changes shown? (1) Species A is
More informationAmber is a solid, glass-like material. Amber is formed from a thick, sticky liquid which oozes out of pine trees.
Fossils give us information about organisms from a long time ago. (a) Amber is a solid, glass-like material. Amber is formed from a thick, sticky liquid which oozes out of pine trees. The image shows two
More informationQ1. The diagram shows how the number of species in different vertebrate groups changed between 400 million years ago and 5 million years ago.
Q. The diagram shows how the number of species in different vertebrate groups changed between 400 million years ago and 5 million years ago. The wider a block is, the more species there are. (a) Which
More informationCH_15_Evolution.notebook. February 28, Cellular Evolution. Jean Baptiste de Lamarck. Endosymbiont Theory. Charles Darwin
Cellular Evolution The first cells were prokaryotic They did not need oxygen (the atmosphere did not contain oxygen until 1.8 billion years ago) Eukaryotic cells were found in the fossil record about 2
More information9 Genetic diversity and adaptation Support. AQA Biology. Genetic diversity and adaptation. Specification reference. Learning objectives.
Genetic diversity and adaptation Specification reference 3.4.3 3.4.4 Learning objectives After completing this worksheet you should be able to: understand how meiosis produces haploid gametes know how
More information5/31/2012. Speciation and macroevolution - Chapter
Speciation and macroevolution - Chapter Objectives: - Review meiosis -Species -Repro. Isolating mechanisms - Speciation -Is evolution always slow -Extinction How Are Populations, Genes, And Evolution Related?
More informationCLASSIFICATION AND VARIATION
1 Living organisms Living things are made of tiny units called cells. Cells help living organisms to carry out one or more of the following life processes. Draw lines to match each process to its definition.
More informationA population of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring is a(n) a. evolved population b. adaptive radiation c. niche d.
A population of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring is a(n) a. evolved population b. adaptive radiation c. niche d. species A population of organisms that can interbreed to produce
More informationName Period. 3. How many rounds of DNA replication and cell division occur during meiosis?
Name Period GENERAL BIOLOGY Second Semester Study Guide Chapters 3, 4, 5, 6, 11, 14, 16, 17, 18 and 19. SEXUAL REPRODUCTION AND MEIOSIS 1. What is the purpose of meiosis? 2. Distinguish between diploid
More informationLife Cycles, Meiosis and Genetic Variability24/02/2015 2:26 PM
Life Cycles, Meiosis and Genetic Variability iclicker: 1. A chromosome just before mitosis contains two double stranded DNA molecules. 2. This replicated chromosome contains DNA from only one of your parents
More informationStudy guide for test on end of chapter 2 and beginning of chapter 3
Study guide for test on end of chapter 2 and beginning of chapter 3 Chapter 2 questions: You should review: 1. 2 sets of notes: Evidence for Evolution (be able to name 3 of the 5) and What can affect evolution
More information1. Construct and use dichotomous keys to identify organisms. 2. Define scientific name and the binomial system of nomenclature.
OBJECTIVE SHEET TAXONOMY 1. Construct and use dichotomous keys to identify organisms. 2. Define scientific name and the binomial system of nomenclature. 3. Name and describe the general characteristics
More informationBiology EOC Review Study Questions
Biology EOC Review Study Questions Microscopes and Characteristics of Life 1. How do you calculate total magnification on a compound light microscope? 2. What is the basic building block of all living
More informationUntitled Document. A. antibiotics B. cell structure C. DNA structure D. sterile procedures
Name: Date: 1. The discovery of which of the following has most directly led to advances in the identification of suspects in criminal investigations and in the identification of genetic diseases? A. antibiotics
More informationQ Expected Coverage Achievement Merit Excellence. Punnett square completed with correct gametes and F2.
NCEA Level 2 Biology (91157) 2018 page 1 of 6 Assessment Schedule 2018 Biology: Demonstrate understanding of genetic variation and change (91157) Evidence Q Expected Coverage Achievement Merit Excellence
More informationAdaptation. Adaptation A trait that allows a species to survive more easily and reproduce.
Adaptation Adaptation A trait that allows a species to survive more easily and reproduce. Adaptation of Beaks Adaptations of Feet Origin of Life Modern humans (Homo sapiens) appear about 2 seconds before
More informationAQA Biology A-level. ecosystems. Notes.
AQA Biology A-level Topic 7: Genetics, populations, evolution and ecosystems Notes Inheritance Keywords: There are a number of different key words that are required for this topic these are listed and
More informationClassification Cladistics & The Three Domains of Life. Biology Mrs. Flannery
Classification Cladistics & The Three Domains of Life Biology Mrs. Flannery Finding Order in Diversity Earth is over 4.5 billion years old. Life on Earth appeared approximately 3.5 billion years ago and
More information3U Evolution Notes. Natural Selection: What is Evolution? -The idea that gene distribution changes over time -A change in the frequency of an allele
3U Evolution Notes What is Evolution? -The idea that gene distribution changes over time -A change in the frequency of an allele Let s look back to what we know: From genetics we can say that a gene is
More informationPopulation Genetics & Evolution
The Theory of Evolution Mechanisms of Evolution Notes Pt. 4 Population Genetics & Evolution IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER: Populations, not individuals, evolve. Population = a group of individuals of the same
More informationName Period. 2. Name the 3 parts of interphase AND briefly explain what happens in each:
Name Period GENERAL BIOLOGY Second Semester Study Guide Chapters 3, 4, 5, 6, 11, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16, and 17. SEXUAL REPRODUCTION AND MEIOSIS 1. The cell cycle consists of a growth stage and a division
More informationHeredity and Evolution
Heredity and Variation Heredity and Evolution Living organisms have certain recognisable heritable features such as height, complexion, colour of hair and eyes, shape of nose and chin etc. These are called
More informationSlide 1. Slide 2. Slide 3. Concepts of Evolution. Isn t Evolution Just A Theory? Evolution
Slide 1 Concepts of Evolution Slide 2 Isn t Evolution Just A Theory? How does the scientific meaning of a term like theory differ from the way it is used in everyday life? Can the facts of science change
More informationNAME: Section A: 20 Multiple Choice Questions /20 Marks. Circle the best alternative on the answer sheet provided.
NAME: Section A: 20 Multiple Choice Questions /20 Marks Circle the best alternative on the answer sheet provided. Answer all questions. Section B: 8 Short Answer Questions /40 Marks Answer all questions
More information1. What is genetics and who was Gregor Mendel? 2. How are traits passed from one generation to the next?
Chapter 11 Heredity The fruits, vegetables, and grains you eat are grown on farms all over the world. Tomato seeds produce tomatoes, which in turn produce more seeds to grow more tomatoes. Each new crop
More informationEvolution. Changes over Time
Evolution Changes over Time TEKS Students will analyze and evaluate B. 7 C how natural selection produces change in populations, not individuals B. 7 E/F effects of genetic mechanisms and their relationship
More information