LIFE SCIENCE CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS

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1 LIFE SCIENCE CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS What did Darwin NOT understand about the process of evolution? A. the slowness of the process B. the role of genetics C. the importance of separation D. the importance of competition The process consisting of separation, adaptation, and division is A. mating. B. resistance. C. isolation.. Over time, animals may change behavior or physical appearance in response to changes in the environment. What is this called? A. Adaptation B. genetic change C. genetic variation What is the process by which organisms that are better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully than less well adapted organisms do? A. species separation B. genetic change C. genetic resistance Many insects can adapt very quickly to insecticides because A. the insects form separate species. B. the insects have rigid exoskeletons. C. the insects generation time is short. D. the insects genetic structure is stable. What evidence of natural selection is available today that was not available to Darwin? A. Organisms inherit traits. B. Differences in genes create variation. C. Humans can breed organisms for specific traits. D. There is great variation among organisms. The process by which populations slowly change over time is called A. selective breeding. B. speciation. C. adaptation. D. evolution. What process often begins by a portion of a population becoming physically or geographically separated? A. Speciation B. genetic change C. selective breeding

2 A characteristic that can be passed from parent to offspring through genes is called a A. resistance. B. genetic change. C. sediment. D. trait. What process would farmers use to produce vegetables that will grow in a specific climate? A. natural selection B. selective breeding C. Evolution D. genetic variation When certain genes make organisms more likely to survive and reproduce, which process can occur? A. Adaptation B. selected breeding C. Selection D. isolation Scientists compare organisms DNA to support the theory that all species share a common A. separation.. C. ancestor. D. environment. Which was NOT a source of Charles Darwin s ideas about evolution? A. the writings of Thomas Malthus and Charles Lyell B. Darwin s observations of the Galápagos finches C. the selective breeding practices of farmers and breeders D. scientific discoveries about DNA and genetic changes A spider may produce hundreds of eggs, only a few of which may survive. This is an example of A. overproduction. B. genetic change. C. speciation. D. division. The trace remains of an organism that lived long ago, most commonly preserved in sedimentary rock, are a A. mineral. B. fossil. C. layer. D. sediment. Populations of all species are limited by A. starvation, disease, competition, and predation. B. genetic change, speciation, adaptation, and separation. C. natural selection, evolution, and division. D. breeding, selection, sediment, and ancestry. Which of the following is NOT an example of natural selection? A. elephants passing the tuskless trait to their offspring B. male birds developing extremely colorful displays of feathers C. insects developing pesticide resistance D. dog owners breeding their pets to produce friendlier offspring

3 A characteristic that improves an organism s ability to survive is a(n) A. adaptation. B. reproduction. C. inherited variation. D. breeding. Darwin could not answer all of the questions regarding his new theory, because he did not know about A. adaptation. B. reproduction. C. inherited variation. D. genetics. The fact that an organism s offspring are not identical is known as A. adaptation. B. reproduction. C. inherited variation. D. genetics. Minerals seeping into an organism s remains form A. sediments. B. layers. C. imprints. D. fossils. Darwin theorized that individuals having an advantage due to their traits or abilities will be more likely to survive and reproduce. His theory is known as A. evolution. B. adaptation. C. speciation.. Trace remains of organisms that lived long ago are called what? A. Adaptations B. genetics s D. offspring What does speciation create? A. Offspring B. a new species C. Ancestors What can two different species have in common? A. Populations B. individuals C. Ancestors D. offspring What did Charles Darwin help to explain? A. the age of Earth B. how fossils are formed C. how species change over time D. genetics

4 What helps an organism survive in its environment? A. Adaptation B. division C. Separation What is a trait? A. a kind of fossil B. a new species C. a genetic change D. a genetically determined characteristic Sometimes part of a population moves away from the rest. What is this called? A. Division B. separation D. genetic change What is it called when separated groups of a population cannot mate with each other? A. Division B. resistance C. Interbreeding D. selective breeding After visiting the Galápagos Islands, why did Darwin wait to publish his ideas on evolution and natural selection? A. He was afraid that his father would disapprove of his theories. B. The printing press was not invented until 15 years later. C. He waited until he had enough supporting evidence from his own research and from other scientists. D. He immediately embarked on another journey to Asia and Africa to collect more data. Over the years, the excessive use of antibiotics has resulted in the development of what scientists call "super bacteria." These super bacteria are resistant to known antibiotics. This is an example of in action. A. Mutations separation C. selective breeding A group of herbivores are separated from their population. (An herbivore is an organism that eats only plant materials.) In the new environment, the only edible vegetation grows at the top of tall trees. Which of the following is a likely physical adaptation that may develop? A. striped fur B. the ability to swim C. a tendency to mate during the summer D. a long neck the sequence of life s history as indicated by fossils a group of organisms that can mate to produce fertile offspring

5 the slow process that results in new species the remains or imprint of an organism the formation of a new species as a result of evolution the average time between the birth of one generation and the birth of the next generation the splitting apart of a portion of a population the evolving of traits in response to environmental conditions The result of two groups becoming so different that they may no longer interbreed process consisting of overproduction, inherited variation, the struggle to survive, and successful reproduction a timeline of life provided by the remains or imprints of dead organisms

6 naturalist who proposed that evolution happens through natural selection groups of individuals of the same species living in the same place The best adapted offspring live and reproduce Organisms face disease, hunger, and predators Parents have too many offspring. All offspring are different from each other.