Unit 1 Lesson 3 Population Dynamics. Copyright Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
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2 Movin Out How can a population grow or get smaller? If new individuals are added to the population, it grows. If individuals are removed from a population, it gets smaller. The population stays at about the same size if the number of individuals that are added is close to the number of individuals that are removed.
3 How can a population grow or get smaller? Populations change in size when individuals move to new locations. Immigration occurs when individuals join a population. Emigration occurs when individuals leave a population.
4 How can a population grow or get smaller? The bird emigrates from Population A. The bird immigrates to Population B.
5 How can a population grow or get smaller? Populations increase as individuals are born. Populations decrease as individuals die. The number of births compared to the number of deaths helps determine if a population is increasing or decreasing.
6 How can a population grow or get smaller? Point out how this animal population is changing by birth, death, and immigration.
7 Know Your Limits What environmental factors influence population size? The amount of resources in an area influences the size of a population. A population may grow or shrink, depending on whether important resources are added to or lost from the environment. The carrying capacity is the maximum number of individuals of one species that the environment can support.
8 What environmental factors influence population size? The carrying capacity can change when the environment changes. After a rainy season, plants may produce a large crop of leaves and seeds, allowing an herbivore population to grow. A population crash occurs when the carrying capacity for a population suddenly drops, such as by natural disasters, harsh weather, or the entry of a new predator.
9 Maximum Capacity What factors can limit population size? A part of the environment that keeps a population s size at a level below its full potential is called a limiting factor. Limiting factors can be living or nonliving things in an environment.
10 What factors can limit population size? The nonliving parts of an environment are called abiotic factors. They include water, nutrients, soil, sunlight, temperature, and living space. Relationships among organisms affect each one s growth and survival. A biotic factor is an interaction between living things.
11 A Fungus Among Us In many parts of the world, frog populations are shrinking because of infection by a chytrid fungus called Bd. Bd interferes with a frog s ability to take in oxygen through its skin, and it affects the frog s nervous system. After hiking in muddy places, wash and dry your boots to help stop Bd from spreading.
12 Teamwork What interactions between organisms can influence population size? When two or more individuals or populations try to use the same limited resource, such as food, water, shelter, space, or sunlight, it is called competition. Competition can happen among individuals within a population. Competition also happens among populations.
13 What interactions between organisms can influence population size? Cooperation occurs when individuals work together. For example, some animals hunt in groups, others stay close together to stay warm, and others have a structured social order. Cooperation helps individuals get resources, which can make populations grow.
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